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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Yungay, Peru |
"Big" killer - 18,000 people buried by landslide |
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Deadliest mass movement in Canada? |
Frank Slide 1903 - 75 fatalities
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Gravitational forces acting on object on slope? |
Force (N) perpendicular to slope 9.8 N of Gravity Force (N) parallel to slope |
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Gravitational Potential Energy equation? |
Mass x Gravitational Acceleration x Height
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Potential Energy equation? |
mass x gravity x height = Energy (J)
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How is slope failure resisted? |
Strength and friction |
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Causes of slope failure? |
1.Dipping Layers 2.Ancient slip surfaces 3.structures within rocks 4.influence of water |
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Ways water causes mass movements? |
1.loading slopes 2.interactions w/ clay minerals (swelling, lubricating, changing salt conc.) 3.dissolving cements 4.dissolving rock 5.subsurface erosion 6.pore water pressure lowers strength/cohesion |
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Daylighted bedding? |
weak layers in rocks being eroded by water |
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Why is there not many steep slopes in Canada? |
recent glaciation event |
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Conchita, CA? |
1995 slide fell over houses 2005 another slide killed 10 - triggered by heavy rain (lubricated clay minerals) |
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Quick clay? aka Leda clay |
clay that is strong in presence of salt but liquified without areas of Montreal, Ottawa, Saint-Jean Vianney surrounded by quick clay salt glues clay minerals together to form weak solid |
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Lemiux lateral spread? |
Quick clay mass movement that flowed into nearby river (1971, 1993) |
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2010 St. Jude lateral spread? |
quick clay layer shifted downhill |
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1889 Quebec City rockfall |
Creep observed before disaster vertical plains of weakness fell like deck of cards |
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Acoustic Fluidization? |
vibrations caused by sound of the slide reduce the overall friction present in the slide and allow it to travel much greater distances |
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How are rocks fluidized in fluid avalanche? |
X |
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1903 Frank Slide |
Mine collapse (creep was observed) Uplift of limestone (Turtle mountain anticline) - caused rock slide onto coal mine mountain weak from coal removal |
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How did the Frank slide flow across the valley and uphill? |
long run out landslides (aka sturtzstroms) like the Frank slide flowed across the valley and uphill due to acoustic fluidization (trapped elastic energy in blocks results in them oscillating so they bounce off each other instead of remaining in contact so no frictional force is present) |
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2014 Snohomish County |
landslide in North Fork killed 43 people lots of slumping bad planning to put slide hazard near highway above average rainfall experienced |
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1963 Vaiont Resevior |
Limestone bad rocks to use for dam increase water table = water b/w rocks (lubrication) = creep and therefore landslide |
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Subsidence? |
gradual caving in or sinking of an area of land |
