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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Horace Greely
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Worked for the New York Tribune, created the newspaper editorial section
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Horace Greely
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Created and edited New York Tribune, created the newspaper editorial section
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John Milton
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Helped to create the concept of the "marketplace of ideas" where people are exposed to many ideas and can choose the best, the value of competing ideas, the idea that the mass media is for sharing ideas in a similar way to what Milton imagined
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Rupert Murdoch
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Billionare CEO of News Corp, expanded the idea of the conglomorate, known for getting involved with content of news in service of business interest, interested in filling a niche to make money.
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Media Ubiquity
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Two thirds of our waking hours are spent being exposed to media. Media exposure is everywhere
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Media Exposure
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Mass Media is constantly being presented to us. Many are exposed to media so often they don't even realize it. Up[ to 5 hours a day
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Media Literacy
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Possesing the knowledge to be competent in assesing messages carried by mass media formats
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Fragmentation
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the splitting of audiences, no longer interested in consuming the same products
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Demassifacation
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Media Companies shifted many of their products from focusing on the largest possible audience to targeting specific media segments, death of the singe mass media product
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Johhanes Guttenburg
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Metalurgiest who invented the movable type printing press, his guttenburg bible could be printed faster and higher quality, helping to further spread literacy across Europe and the world
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Thomas Edison
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Inventor of the phonograph, the first machine capable of recording and playing back audio (but could only record something once.It was just a foil wraped cylender for recording
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Emile Berlinner
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Created a process for recording music and audio faster than Edison, his metal disk could be cast in a mold to be replicated quickly, so now the possibility of transfering recorded audio was possible, which could be used for music
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Guglielmo Marconi
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transfered the first wireless message as a way to combat enemy armies cutting down telegraph lines, wireless would eventually become radio.made a fortune by placing wirelesses on ships so they could communicate with the shore or other ships (might have prevented accidents like the titanic.
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Samuel Morse
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Inventor of the Telegraph, allowed for faster transmission of messages by transmitting sounds over wires, first message was "What Hath God Wrought. Transfer messages faster than mail.
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Bardeen, Brittain, and Shockley
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created the semiconductor, which won the nobel prize in 1956. A semiconductor was a tiny, low cost crystal that could be used as a switch to transmit data that had been converted to 1 and 0s (binarry) led to consumer computers better telephones and digital communication.
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Henry Luce
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Magazine Innovator whose LIFE magazine exploited photography when it was novel for their visual impact, created the photo essay and, by extention, the newsmagazine
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Philo Farnsworth
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Inventor of the modern television, created the image disector which transmitted images over a distance.
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Digital Integrattion
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media messages are encoded into a very basic binary language for the purposes of transfering location. Once transfered, the message is decoded to its original state.
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Printing Technology
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Printing allowed for books and newspapers to be made incredibly quickly, making the material cheaper, which would help spread literacy during the industrial revolution.
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Media Convergence
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Melding of Print, electronic and photographic media into digittized format
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Gatekeepers
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media people who can control and influence the spread of media messages in rout, those who control the spread of media and those exposed to media control the media
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Conglomerate
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a large company that owns smaller companies where each owned company is a distinct entity instead of only a part of the larger whole.
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Mary Baker Eddy
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Founded the Christian Science Monitor in 1908, a newspaper designed to combat the sensationalisitc media of the yellow journalism papers at the turn of the century
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Associated Press
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formally the national wire service, worlds largest news gathering organization, a non-profit and cooperative (owned and run joinly by members who split gains and profits)owned by member newspapers
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Postal Subsidies
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governments are involved and support (through non-invasive legislature) the spread of newspapers by giving newspapers mass discounts, governemnt constantly eased the cost of magazines and newspapers doing business by reducing and picking up cost.
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Watchdog
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mass media (or other organizations) as a check on other institution, a monitor of performance of various institutions (government, Tv networks) on behalf of citizens
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Jeff Bezos
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Founder of Amazon, shipping products over internet.
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Ira Tarbell
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Muckraking reporter, published findings of Standard Oil's practices to create monopolies, monopolize oil, exsposed it in mickraking magazine series, investigative reporting.
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Benjamin Day
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Published the New York Sun, created the Penny press; launched a paper that cost a penny. brought revenue with Advertisments, cheaper papers, more reach, more reasons for advertisments
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Margaret Bourke White
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American photographer, first female photographer for Life Magazine, took the picture of the Fort Peck Damn on the cover of the first issue of the newsmagazine Life
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William Randolf Hearst
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Owner of the Hearst papers, newspaper magnate, owned chain of newspapers, spurred on yellow journalism, sensationalist journalism to sell papers, helped urge Us into Spanish American war by exagerating details (and spreading missinformation) about the sinking of the ship the USS Maine
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Henry Luce
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Newsmagazine creator, Life photographer.
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Book Genres
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Important for Demassification, now books can target fans who are specifically interested in different types and subjects of books.
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Public Domain Literature
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a work whose copyright has been void due to time, and thus now belongs to the public at large (essentially for free) Projects like Project Guttenburg make public domain literature available for free (created by Micheal Hart)
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New Directions for Books
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Books have to find news ways to be profitable, like being adapted into other mediums like movies or TV shows or books, as welll as specifically marketing to the current group of book readers, or making a book that is designed to be adapted into a movie.
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Newspaper Circulation
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The number of Newspaper sales and subscribers, more circ means more advertisin
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New York Times
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one of the dominant Newspapers in the us
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Muckracking
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Journalists who specifically uncover corruption or unsavery aspects of various government and private institutions
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Highbrow Slicks
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Magazines with Intellectual appeal
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Photojournalism
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the idea that images and photography can be used to tell a story or take someone to a new place
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demassification
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Newspapers and magazines appeal to niche groups instead of the all purpose mass market
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Magazine Circulation
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the number of newspapers sold,either weekly or monthly, sales per edition
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Edward R Murrow
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Pioneer broadcast jourrnalist
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Gordon Mclendon
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reinvented radio with narrow formats in the 50's to increase revenue, created first all-news radio station
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David Sarnoff
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Founded NBC and RCA (National Broadcast corporation and Radio Corporation of America, took control of sigals so he could use both broadcast signals and sound signals together.
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Berlinner
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Invented Gramaphone, his recording machine could make copies with casts of original recording.
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Napster
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original music sharing site, created by Shawn fanning, allowed for the exhange of free music, put the record industry in a decline it hasn't recovered from.
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Recording Labels
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They own the artist and help promote the artists by exposing them to listeners, getting airplay on radio stations to sell records/concert tickets
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File Sharing
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Allows exchange of music files between computers, helped to make music valueless, so all profit had to be made off of concert sales.
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Reinventing Radio
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Radio became more niche specific, more demassified, to find groups specifically who wanted that content who would be good advertising targets
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regulatory agencies, the FRC
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help to avoid explicit or censored or inapropriate content from being exposed, the Federal ratings commision was founded to protect those individuals and fine those who broke laws about appropriate content.
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The future of Radio
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continue to demassificate to find specific and deliberate audiences to advertise to and epose content to to earn maximum payback from advertising
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Benjammin Harris
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Published Publick Occurences, first colonial newspaper in 1690, reported news from across the colonies and from europe
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Joeseph Pulitzer
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Emphasized human interest stories in newspapers, less sensationalized, against yellow journalsim
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Nellie Bly
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a stunt reporter, traveled around the world to see how long it would take her, commited herself to an asylum to report on unsavory onditions there
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James Gordon Bennett
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organized first instance of methodolical news coverage, created the newsroom to discuss and assign personel to cover various stories
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Samuel Morse
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invented telegram, sped up distribution of news
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John Peter Zenger
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defied Authorities with his New York Journal, which was backed by merchants and vendors instead of the wealthy british supported govenor, Journal reported on the doings of the governor, exposing his ways to the public even if it wasn't in the best interest of the governor of the colony, Govenor tried Zenger, but court ruled in favor of zenger
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Ida Tarbell
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muckracker exposing monopolistic policies of standard oil
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William Randolf Hearst
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built ciruclation with sensasitonalism, encouraged spanish american war, very much a product of yellow journalism
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Horace Greeley
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Pioneered editorials
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Gatekeeping
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those who control the distribution of the media control the message of the media
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Penny Press
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Newspapers sold as cheap as possible to spread them across as wide an audience as possible, which makes the newspaper attractive to advertisers.
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Partisan Press
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press is biased towards a certain political affiliation
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Colonial Press
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Pre-Constitution Press in America
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Yellow Journalism
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Sensationalist stories sell newspapers, increase circulation, more advertising
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aggregation news
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news that is found from other sites and is regugetated on your site, or includes pass through links to the original stories. Not based around original research procurement
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Distributive Journalism
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Information included in news comes from many different sources of unchecked veracity
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Inverted Pyramid
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The way that news programs present information: Most important news informations come at the front of the program or the top of the newspaper, the less important stuff is inside (as well as the rest of the important story
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Defenition of Ratings and Share
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Ratings measure broadcast audience size Rating is the number of television equipped households viewing a certian program. Share is the total percentage of viewers out of all all television sets turned on
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Usefullness and importance of rating and share
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knowing the number of people who are already watching your show or coming specifically to watch your show will help you appeal to advertisers to sell advertisments
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Criticism of Ratings Data
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Why does my favorite show get canceled even though I watch it? All shows need high ratings so advertisers can sell products, which supports the funding of those shows in question
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Problems accosiated with ratings data
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wildly different ratings numbers may cause advertisers to back out, as it makes them nerveous. Some ratings sources only reveal favorable data to advertisers, some ratings are based off of bad or nonrepresentitve sample numbers
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Current techniques for collecting ratings data
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meters on TVswhat is being watched, people meters report who is watching the program. overnights give next morning reports to executives reporting rating data
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