Mass Effect Class Spring 09

Front 1

Interpersonal communication that occurs via the use of technology.
Advantage: Quick, efficient, "bearded" comm. aas well as disadvantages

Back 1

Computer Mediated Communication

Front 2

Traditonal, typically face to faceinteraction between two people or among a small group.
-On the decline since CMC.

Back 2

Interpersonal Communication (IPC)

Front 3

CMC provides a medium through which an individual can send an unsavory message to the receiver that s/he not otherwse send if traditional IPC was the only available.
-People break up with, personally attack, critique, and make outrageous insinuations against the recipient using CMC that would either not occur or unfold in a strikingly different manner using traditional IPC.
-package it in a way.
-DG fact: CMC stunts maturity bc it avoids vertical modeling (the ematating of older, respected individuals)and encourages horizontal modeling (the mimicking of those who are similar in are or possess qualities-such as fame, which user desires or admires.

Back 3

Bearded Message/Communication

Front 4

(Apart of the loss of traditional IPC skills) the greater the reliance on CMC, the lesser the desire one has to engage in traditional social interaction

Back 4

Social Isolation

Front 5

Primary disadvantage is loss of social skills. As CMC increase the ability to engage in traditional IPC decreases. Promotion of Weak behavior:This is the domino effect. Many who watch others engage in antisocial (ie fringe) behavior adopt the behavior into their own repertoir

Back 5

Promotion of disinhibitive behavior (Loss of social skills)

Front 6

CMC allows the individual to communicate with one other or many others with speed and often no delay.
-Beware of miscomm. the more limited the form of CMC the greater the liklihood of negotiated meaning being used by recipient. Or oppositional decoding. (ex. make up tone yourself).

Back 6

The quick quality of CMC

Front 7

CMC allows the individual to avoid the necessary
“pleasantries” and social processes that are required of traditional interpersonal communication (IPC).
"Friendly fire"
Traditional IPC requires use of sences to assess the interaction, whether to;
-initiate the interaction
-how to bahave during the interaction
-using the verbal and nonverbal cues of the others involved to determine how to motify your own behavior in oreder to make the interaction more successful.
-The neurons that fire during this process are key to the successful navigation of any interaction, CMC short circuits key neurons. Loss of sight, sound and smell impede comm.

Back 7

The efficient factor of CMC

Front 8

The “Great Leap Forward” – Based on the discovery of “mirror neurons,” these give humans the ability to use others’ nonverbal feedback to increase their own social desirability be responding to that feedback in an appropriate way.
Without mirror neurons, individuals can't determine how to act.
-CMC is essentially like being blind, deaf, and dumb
-"Monkey see, onkey do"
-great leap forward in human evolution
Ex. "empathy"sensors

Back 8

Mirror Neurons

Front 9

The millenial generation is defined by members who have not known a time w/out computers, cell phones, cable TV, and internetm and other technology.
-Each new generation of millenials will be less capable in traditional IPC

Back 9

Genearation M (AKA Millenials, Media, Y)

Front 10

the less traditonal IPC capability we have, the greater the instance of:
-purposful avoidance of face to face (or even voice to voice) interaction
-decreased social decorum and decency

Back 10

DG fact: Millenials

Front 11

One of the few theoretical models of mass mediated communication that is still applicable today; even in the face of advances and ever changing technology;
who says what, in which channel, to whom, and with what effect

Back 11

Narrative Communication Model

Front 12

Who was the source and or messenger

Back 12

Narrative Comm Model :Who

Front 13

Through what medium did the person disseminate the message

Back 13

Narrative Comm model: Channel

Front 14

Who was the audience targeted to receive the message

Back 14

Narrative Comm model: Whom

Front 15

How did the audience respond (ie attitudinally?beHow did the audience respond (i.e., Attitudinally? Behaviorally? Both?) And more importantly, how did the message impact the audience. message impact the audience?

Back 15

Narrative Comm Model: Effect

Front 16

"The Ripple Effect"-As info. travels from one source to the next it may be impacted by any number of factors including but not limited tohuman interferece, situational interference, and recipient interference.
The message source is at the center and as the message travels to the recipient (who is the outermost ring), it passes through multiple “filters”
(SIMILARITY ALERT! This is very similar to the multi-step flow of information model – “social filters” model)

Back 16

Concentric Circle Model

Front 17

Gatekeepers – Media personnel who influence the message as it travels to the recipient
Regulators – Non-media individuals who influence the message as it travels to the recipientc.
Semantic Noise – Poor packaging of the message that contributes to misunderstanding upon being receivedd.
Informational Filter – Lack of knowledge about the content of the message impedes the recipient’s ability to properly decode the message
.Psychological Filter – State of mind (often emotional) impedes the recipient’s ability to properly decode the message

Back 17

Concentric Circle Model filters but not limited to

Front 18

Threatening or other harassing behavior that occurs through the of technology, primarily the Internet
-perceived anonymity-the sense that ones identity cannot be discovered-increases the boldness of stalkers
-typically anonymous

Back 18

Cyberstalking

Front 19

Aggressice toward another through use of the internet or another technology. Aggression – often more extreme and excessive – than the type of aggression common in traditional bullying; this form of “bullying” follows the victim into his/her own home-no escape
-bully typically wants her/his identity known
-children are less likely to report then traditional
-through provoking but the point is probably lost on most preadolescents and adolescents

Back 19

Cyberbullying

Front 20

Gossiping, which is innate to human behavior, goes online, but is more egregious forms of cyber bullying than its traditional counterpart because it is “anonymous”
b.This form of gossip is also seen as more “credible.” What?
Ex. juicycampus.com
-effect on self and society

Back 20

Cybergossiping

Front 21

the loss of interpersonal interaction is theorized to have caused the decrease in this
Doing something for another person based on the expectation that the person will do something for you in return.

Back 21

Reciprocal Altruism

Front 22

According to Goffman, every individual has an “on” (i.e., front-stage) and “off” (i.e., backstage) persona
b.In traditional IPC, the individual is motivated to present his/her “best” self, in CMC, that motivation is decreased, if not abandoned entirely

Back 22

Self Presentation

Front 23

Society calls for individuals to be a functional member of the “group,” but to also direct his/her own behavior
b.Now, technology directs our lives; the Internet is speeding up the loss of individualism and self-think

Back 23

Spontaneous Order

Front 24

Perhaps the most well known era of news coverage, this phase was hallmarked by inflammatory, innaccurate, libelous, and frequently completely fabled informationfor which the public quickly developed at thirst
-intorduced sensationalism in news.
-Still exists today-

Back 24

Yellow Journalism (sensationalism)

Front 25

News-designed to report change. Obejectivity -the idealistic idea that news should be gathered and reported value-free.

Back 25

Value free news

Front 26

Consumers are active in seeking and using media content to gratify specific needs
2.When you seek the news, you are less interested in the information (i.e., the surveillance function of media usage) than you are in seeking . information that will reinforce your established belief system
-the population is choosing ever more to seek broadcast media as a source of info, highly problematic because print is better source for learning.

Back 26

Uses and gratifications Theory

Front 27

as media consumption increases so does the need for media (the individual becomes less capable of making decisions for him/herself.)

Back 27

Media System Dependency Theory (applied to news)

Front 28

When the average news consumer loses access to his/her news source, depression and panic increases…why?
b.Special Report: Watching news is bad for your health! Because news focuses on the negative – why is that, by the way? – being in a constant state of arousal comes at a physiological cost
-The more negative affect you experience – fear, guilt, anger, sadness, worry – the more stress you cause yourself; stress is the number one cause of death in the United States (because stress is a known contributor to myriad diseases)
-Research finds that the average news consumer (ie 30 mins of tv newscast or 30 min spent with a newspaper)reports "panic" and anxiety when they loose access to their daily news source

Back 28

Depression, anxiety, and lifespan (applied to news)

Front 29

Bauerlin posts that Gen M is especially dependent on the news, but not as a source of info rather as a source of entertainment.

Back 29

DG on Depression and anxity with news

Front 30

Does te news really inform you or does it just act to set your agenda, making you think more finitely and frequently about certain issues.

Back 30

Agenda Setting in News

Front 31

Thanks to decades of disproportionate coverage of crime, we have a population who truly believe that only certain races commit certain crimes.
E-Read-demonstrates the news disproportionattely focuses on Blacks and other non-white social groups in coverage of crime ats perpetrates.

Back 31

Presentation of Crime in the news

Front 32

Just as the Internet has done, news often makes it seem that a greater number of people are thinking or doing something than is truly the case
b.One outcome is the Country appearing more divided on issues than it really is
-info is believed to be more valid

Back 32

“Herd Mentality” (byproduct of news viewing)

Front 33

Consumption of news is a known contributor to “bystander behavior” – the failure to take action and instead, literally “stand-by” with the expectation that others will act
-the more news you watch the less active you become
-one of the most well known effects of passtivity is bystander behavior

Back 33

Bystander Behavior

Front 34

Even the most mundane stories are “dressed-up” and manipulated; made to seem more important than they truly are
a.Cultivated Reality – fictional presentation is paramount to fact, often because it is more exciting; however, this gives way to fiction being viewed as reality
b.News, and programs based on real stories, gives rise to the perception of a world that is meaner than it truly is

Back 34

Sensationalism

Front 35

Films can sensitize an audience to an issue, perhaps making them more tolerant toward an issue or population, or desensitize an audience to an issue, making them more likely to take that issue or its affected population for granted
-audience more likely to experience increased tolerance
-desensitized the audience is more likely to experience intolerance

Back 35

Sensitizing the Audience (applies to films)Clip of The Accused

Front 36

The effect can be direct (the audience member is likely aware that the movie triggered a thought and/or behavior) or indirect (the audience member is likely unaware that the movie acted as a catalyst)

Back 36

Immediate Effects (applied to films)

Front 37

The effect can be direct (the audience member is likely aware that the movie triggered a thought and/or behavior) or indirect (the audience member is likely unaware that the movie acted as a catalyst) movie triggered a thought and/or behavior) or member is likely unaware that the movie acted as a catalyst)

Back 37

Indirect v. Direct Effects

Front 38

social mores are cultural rules about “right” and “wrong” that are constructed and evolved by a given society
-Violating a social more is often considered a greater social transgression than breaking a written law
a.Social mores and written laws are often compared as “God’s law” versus “man’s law”
b.This is why motion pictures that violate a social more – such as Brokeback Mountain or Passion of the Christ did – invoke such emotional response from the populace
Motion pictures, well before television, often transgress specific social mores, setting the stage for society to think about a taboo issue, attitude or behavior in a new, more specific way
a.This is one of the most latent forms of “agenda-setting” (i.e., in other words, audiences are rarely aware that they’re being asked to usurp their own perception of an issue and instead, accept the new way in which its being depicted)
-Also, something unique to motion pictures, they are often the first medium-and capable to transgress a social more
inception to normalization-what motion pictures transgress in terms of public issues, television normalizes

Back 38

Social Mores (applied to films)

Front 39

Documentaries – A genre that has exploded in quantity, type, and commercial success, especially in the last ten years
1.Documentaries – the capturing of unscripted situations in which real people participate in events as they unfold – and as they would unfold even in the absence of cameras – on film (universal definition)
a.Your text is broader in its definition of a documentary – A video examination of a historical or current event or a natural or social phenomenon (couldn’t this be the definition of any film?)
2.But, wait…which film documentaries actually fit the universal definition

Back 39

Films as a Social Platform

Front 40

Dueling definitions-definition-the capturing of unscripted situations in which real people participate inevents as they unfold (and as they would unfold even in the adsense) of the camera
Docugandas-better way to describe what modern documentaries really are.
Modern documentaries are more about a single viewpoint and a specific agenda
1.Michael Moore is the classic modern documentarian – his films reflect “docu-gandas” – documentaries that seek to influence the viewer
2.This new genre of documentary film-making was a direct result of the Federal Communication Commission pulling the Fairness Doctrine in 1987
a.A requirement that had been in place for nearly 40 years and one that required broadcasters to present both sides of a competing public issue

Back 40

Docu-gandas

Front 41

Sadism v. Masochism
a.Male characters must demonstrate that they can endure violence to the same degree they can engage in violence against others
2.Heterosexuality v. Homosexuality
a.Male characters must be careful to appear sensitive (a traditionally feminine quality) without appearing homosexual

Back 41

Masculinity in Film
Clip of Philadelphia

Front 42

Horror has exploid in popularity over the last 10 years

Back 42

The Horror Genre (i.e., excessive violence)

Front 43

defined as a sexually promiscuous woman.
She will use her sexuality to get what she wants.
-Ex. Rock of love Bus.
-Stereotype is closley related to golddigger and attention whore, both normalized in reality TV

Back 43

Stereotypes of Women in Reality TV: Slut

Front 44

defines a woman who is aggressive and conniving.
-considered the "umbrella" stereotype under which most other female stereotypes are categorized.
-Ex. Badgirls club.

Back 44

Stereotypes of Women in Reality TV: Bitch

Front 45

defines a woman who is desperate to be someoneelse and is willing to do anything including humiliating yourself in order to achieve persona

Back 45

Stereotypes of Women in Reality TV: Wanna be

Front 46

defines a woman whose primary goal is to elevate her social status
-backstabbing, downward

Back 46

Stereotypes of Women in Reality TV: Status checker

Front 47

a woman based solely on age-who dates younger men

Back 47

Stereotypes of Women in Reality TV: Cougar

Front 48

Television has long been studied as a “teacher” of everything; a source influencing the individual from birth to death, primary source of social learning
Learning Readiness– often a term applied to a child’s keenness to learn something new. However, television exposes children to information well before they’re capable of making sense of it
-The more sexualized content children watch, the more likely they are to engage in sexual behavior

Back 48

TV (as the most socially influential media)
Television as Teacher

Front 49

because adolescents are exposed to TV well before they have the skills to make sence of it, they are far more vulnerable to TV's negative effects
-television becomes
less of a teacher and more of a babysitter; albeit, the effects are just as profound

Back 49

TV (as the most socially influential media)
Television as Baby-sitter

Front 50

Great Expectations – As we have talked about before, human beings operate based on social expectations; the majority of our expectations are based on what we are exposed to in media, especially television
-tv forms expectations-tv sets up innumerable unrealistic expectations, real life violates expectancies based on televison.

Back 50

TV (as the most socially influential media)
Television Forming Expectations

Front 51

-Television has a known normalizing function
-normalizes the transgressions motion pictures make
-Sexual behavior, drug use, adultery, stupidity, using humor to frame serious issues, and violence, among many other issues, attitudes, and behavior have all been normalized by television

Back 51

Normalizing Function of TV

Front 52

Why do we think we know or more importantly, feel like we know, celebrities?
-100% of the pop. maintains some form of this relationship
-percieved relationship w/ another however the other person is unaware that the relationship exists.

Back 52

Parasocial Relationships

Front 53

How can juries overcome the influence of television depiction that all crimes are solvable?
-and other crime and law enforcement based programs are the single most influential factor in modern jury trials.
-evidence is always available always usable to population.

Back 53

The CSI Effect

Front 54

the more television containing sexual behavior among characters a child watched, the more likely that child was to initiate (at an earlier age) and engage in sexual behavior
-choice of sexy TV by adolescent-->increased teen pregnancy, hyper sexuality and relationship issues.

Back 54

A Taste for Sexy TV and sexualized behavior

Front 55

Despite their attempts to appear otherwise, magazine and television content is largely this thing
a.Content is (i.e., even serious issues are talking about in a sensationalized way)

Back 55

Superficial Content (applied to magazines)

Front 56

is prominent (i.e., complex issues are dumbed down) in magazines. the simplyfying of a complex issue, facts become distorted or omitted in an atempt to make the topic or concept as easy to understand by as many people as possible.

Back 56

Reductionism

Front 57

Television content designed for adults trickles down to much younger audiences and so does magazine content
a.For example, Playboy…emphasis on boy
-if a mag is designed for an audience of 18-34 years old women, most likely, 8-12 year old are reading it too.

Back 57

Downward Readership

Front 58

exposure to mag. contributes to drive for "thinness" and dieting awareness

Back 58

E-Read-8 Magazines

Front 59

?

Back 59

Reception Analysis and Negotiated Meaning

Front 60

Acording to mags It is normal to feel dissatisfied with one’s body (whether that dissatisfaction is with a specific body part or one’s overall appearance)
a.It is abnormal to be satisfied with how you look
-sometimes used to reference the normalization of generalized dissatisfaction.
-in this context with everthing in ones life

Back 60

Normative Discontent (body dissatisfaction)

Front 61

The correlation between mags and lookism.
In order- Physical appearance, material and monetary wealth, social status, personality (social traits), personality(non-social traits), Intelligence, (Values, morals, principles, beliefes), treatment of others.

Back 61

Apex Model of Important Qualities (on BB)

Front 62

Content analyses demonstrate that the topic of sex is the most prevalent and frequent theme in women’s and men’s magazines
2.The hyper-focus on sex endorses common gender roles
a.Women are encouraged to be good caretakers and to be physically appealing
b.Men are encouraged to be good resource providers
c.Men and women are encouraged to be sexually skilled
-TV and Mags both endorse and reinforce gender roles to an enquitable degree.
-a womans most valuable asset is her looks and resource for men.
-both subtly and obviously endorsed w/in the pages of mags.

Back 62

Sex Theme and Gender Roles in Magazines
Masculine v. Feminine Qualities

Front 63

Magazines display who we can’t be – but wish we could be – what we can’t have – but wish we could had – and what we should look like – but don’t (and stand no chance of ever looking that way)
a.These publications make us think that the unattainable is attainable…if we want it enough, are willing to work for it, oh, and of course…if we purchase the right products

Back 63

Magazines invoke Materialism

Front 64

According to the media, men are nothing more than beer-crazy simpletons
1.We are so obsessed with our beer that we will go to great lengths to protect it.
2.Lose all ability to think rationally or act normally

Back 64

The Magic Fridge Effect

Front 65

1.Men are overly macho, egotistical, sex-crazed, and suffering from a severe lack of intelligence.
2.Macho Del Grande
a.Sadism and Masochism are essential to the image of masculinity
b.Positions characters as sex symbols
Media portrays men as being obsessed with sex.
1.Will go to any length to get it or learn how to get it.
Men’s Magazines
1.Offer copious amounts of sex advice
2.Cultivate unrealistic views about sex

Back 65

Stereotypes of Men in Advertisements/TV-
Macho, Egotistical, Sex-Crazed,Dumb, Masochistic, and Sadistic

Front 66

The Power and Influence of the Recording Artist
1.Recording artists (i.e., singers, bands – those whom are recognized as the “artist” by the public) have long been recognized as icons and idols
a. Recording artists garner the largest fanbases in the world as compared to any other celebrity or well-known persons
2.Singers and/or bands are icons: Fans and critics alike consider music content among the most relatable mass media
a.It is the relatable quality of the music, not the singer or band, to which the fans subconsciously respond (however, they consciously respond to the artist)
3.Singers and/or bands are idols: Though the fans are really responding to the music, they think they are responding to the artist; as a result, many people idolize the artist, not the music
4.The public recognizes the power of music and “being a singer” is the second most desired goal of pre-adolescents and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 17
a.Oh…what is the most desired goal, you ask? “Being a celebrity”
-considered the most iconic and idolized figures in the world
-subconciosly-music
-conciously-artist
-reality tv fuel kids belief that they can easily become famous singer

Back 66

Iconoclasts and Idolism of Recording Artists

Front 67

Lyrics have the ability to incite emotional reaction and trigger behavior.
Emotional reaction – attitudes, through the mediating effect of emotion provocation, can be permanently changed by listening to a single song
Behavior trigger – behavior can be affected in one of two ways:
Immediate and direct: the song acts as a script for the listener
Delayed and indirect: the cumulative effect of listening to the same song (or songs containing similar themes and lyrics)
eventually reaches a pinnacle and a behavior is activated
-music is considered to provoke the greatest amount of negotiated meaning among its consumers in comparison to any other media

Back 67

Effects of Lyrics on Behavior

Front 68

a major area of study in communication, lyrics have been criticized and censored for their objectification of women, their violence, their partisanship, their transgression of social mores, and their ability to trigger behavior
a.But, how far is too far? Ask yourself: am I willing to forgo istening to music about murdering law enforcement, abusing women, drug use, and other “fringe” content so that children can be protected?
b.A “Parental Warning” Label System is in place, but just like most attempts to censor, retailers rarely enforce the label requirements; and labeling something as “taboo,” only makes it that much more desirable to children

Back 68

Objectionable Lyrics

Front 69

listening to violent lyrics endorses and justifies violence in the listener’s own life and social environment
a.Violent lyrics can also make the listener less likely to respond if s/he witnesses an act of violence
-as listening inreases so does desensitization.
Sexual Lyrics – Similar studies have shown that listening to sexualized lyrics arouses the cognition, emotion, and physiology of the listener
-music contains more sexual content then any other mass media

Back 69

Violent v. Sexual v. Suggestive Lyrics

Front 70

marttino contend that the "story" provided by the music video is more extreme than the "story" the listener would have created through merely listening.
“Coming to Life” – Adding imagery (usually in the form of a music video) can make the effects of the lyrics more salient on the user; instead of engaging in “negotiated meaning” – which is the prominent process audiences use to make sense of lyrics – the listener is provided the “story” and that “story” might be far more extreme than the one the listener would have created on his/her own in the absence of the imagery

Back 70

Effects of Lyrics “Coming to Life” in Mus. Videos and E read 9 (radio)

Front 71

Music is used most effectively to provoke emotion in audiences
-music "cues" the audience about how they should feel, what to think, and expect.

Back 71

Effects of Soundtrack on Audience Desire

Front 72

Talk Radio has long provided a decision-making tool for audiences; the popular call-in format provides audiences with the ability to have a decision made for them.
-callers tend to seek advice abut serious matters to a far greater degree than trivial matters.
-abortion, relationships, adultery

Back 72

Talk Radio and Decision-Making Function

Front 73

The more an individual listens to the opinions espoused by a particular jock or host, the more the individual will adopt and espouse those opinions him/herself
a.Think about someone you know who listens to a particular jock or host on a regular basis: you’ll notice that they maintain the same opinions as that of the person to whom they listen, even if those opinions are counter to their own belief system….
b.And because listening is occurring passively, the individual is nearly incapable of deflecting this effect
-exposing opinion as fact-Jocks and hosts alike use the airwaves to espouse opinion as indisputable fact.

Back 73

Talk Radio and Opinion Formation

Front 74

now a mainstay on radio; without the “shock” factor, they would have no other way of appealing to a desensitized audience
a.Howard Stern turned morning drive-time into a format acceptable to talk about the unacceptable
b.Dr. Laura Schlessinger spends three hours during each week day issuing moral and other subjective-based (and often conflicting) judgments about callers’ attitudes and behaviors
c.Rush Limbaugh made political attacks on the Democratic party and liberals, in general, so popular that he draws anywhere from 12-22 million listeners during a week’s worth of broadcasts
d.Tom Leykis has built his listenership by producing incendiary commentary, designed to get the audience to react favorably and unfavorably to his content
Two primary effect on their listenership:
Polarization-using exposed opinion to divide society.
Mobilization-using espoused opinion to trigger mass behavior .
-the shock factor has to be executed with massive and distinct force or it will fall to impact the listening audience

Back 74

Effects of Shock Jocks

Front 75

Because people often play the radio as “background noise,” it is one of the most passively-consumed, and therefore, impacting mass media
a.People are unaware of just how impacted their attitudes and behavior are by radio content
-attitude can be drastically changed by continued passive exposure to talk radio.
-radio is often considered to be one of the least afecting and effecting mass media (gets little attention by mass media scholars) effects of radio exposure

Back 75

Audience Passivity (applied to radio)

Front 76

the World Wide Web has created a society that is at its “meanest” level since pre-civilization
1.“Humanity has an inherent mean streak; this mean streak was oppressed by the modern concept of social desirability. The World Wide Web has allowed meanness and social desirability to co-exist.”

Back 76

“Meanest Society since Pre-Civilization”

Front 77

because users believe that the Internet is an “anonymous” forum, they are motivated to write things that are untrue, would negatively reflect on them, and would otherwise be socially undesirable if it were known to be connected to them.
Deception and identity manipulation is rampant sure youknow w/ whom you're chatting or getting to know online.

Back 77

Perceived Anonymity

Front 78

we’ve talked meanness before; humanity has the capacity to be mean. For at least one century, it was inexcusable to be publicly mean because people were aware of the negative ramifications they would experience, if discovered as the source
-humanity has the capacity to be mean, but also very kind, meaness wa considered a form of disobedience.
-pleasure spiked with pain-the internet only capitalizes on a "pleasure from other's pain" trait inherent in some.
-Pleasure pric-the pleasure center of the brain literally glows when they cause or witness pain in others

Back 78

Inherent Meanness

Front 79

because the user believes the content cannot be connected to him/her, there is a lack of fear of reprisal
-Fear of reprisal is nearly non-existent because of two factors:
Percieved anonymity and increasing social acceptance of pub. mistreatment.
-the reputation effect-idea that society and individuals will be nicer, more altruistic, supportive and cooperative if their identity is known.-anonymity fosters behavior that would never occur in their presence of self-presentation.-research shows people want their identity to known when they do something good, not bad.

Back 79

Absence of Retribution

Front 80

the inability of others to connect content of its source

Back 80

anonimity

Front 81

the removal of all meaningful identifying information about others in the exchange of material.

Back 81

technical anonymity

Front 82

the perception of others and/or ones self as unidentifiable because of a lack of cues to use to attribute an identityor content to a specific source
-both technical and social are in process in CMC

Back 82

social anonymity

Front 83

Ask yourself this: Why is what a stranger says (or what many strangers say) considered more credible in an online format than if a stranger were to approach you in person and say the same thing?
1.Internet content is considered the least credible of ANY media content
2.Content analyses find that at least 75% of Internet content (of any nature, type or substance) is factually incorrect
3.Internet content is primarily comprised of opinion, not fact

Back 83

Stranger Credibility and Internet Content

Front 84

Reductionism – as it has been an issue related to other media we have discussed – is commonplace on the Internet
1.For example, Google a medical condition and see how simplified (and often inaccurately) it is explained
a.Reductionism contributes to the factual inaccuracy of Internet
-media content is created through reductionism-make the content as easy to understand by as many people as possible
-when reductionism is combined with sensationalism it becomes even more affecting on attitudes and behaviors

Back 84

Validity and Internet Content

Front 85

The Internet has given rise to a whole new way of communicating
1.Language is simplified, confused, misleading, and commonly misinterpreted

Back 85

Human Communication Evolution Online

Front 86

Emotion is reduced to “emoticons;” symbols which cannot possibly express the complexity of human affect
-computers mediated comunication has among other things created a new language and a new way of expressing emotion.
ex. seemerot.com

Back 86

Language Use
Emotive Displays

Front 87

The Web can turn anything into a commodity
1.Death, sex, violence, voyeurism, and transgression of other social norms can literally be “purchased” and used online

Back 87

Commoditization of Online Content

Front 88

?

Back 88

The Googling Effect

Front 89

for example, are less about the game and more about the mediated interpersonal relationships that are developed
-DG-claims the amount of screen time gen m. logs daily gives rise to an online identity

Back 89

Proliferation of Online Communities
Massive Multi-Player Games

Front 90

an online member-generated community whose members are avatars (supposed virtual representations of the users themselves) that exist in a world, that in some cases parallels and in other cases, counters, the real world
-this suggests that people dislike who they are.
Avatars rarely reflect the user’s physical appearance, personality, lifestyle or attitudes
b.Some scholars view Second Life as a form of escapism for those who lack the social skills to navigate the real world OR who otherwise feel as though their own life, or some aspect of it, is deficient
c.Other scholars view Second Life as a harmless distraction, no different than any other form of entertainment

Back 90

Proliferation of Online Communities
Second Life
Avatar v. Real Life User

Front 91

there is a limit to online free speech and since Lori drew was successfully prosecuted the floodgates are going to open cirminal And civil prosecution of those who write libelous content

Back 91

Free spech