Mass Comm Law Ch. 5-8

Front 1

year and call letters used by 1st commercial radio station to broadcast on airwaves

Back 1

1920, KDKA

Front 2

trend in broadcast industry regulation which began in 1980

Back 2

deregulation

Front 3

the "reasonable access rule" applies to whom/ types of candidates?

Back 3

legally qualified candidates for federal elective office who are actually running

Front 4

under the equal opporunities rule, what must a broadcast station make "equal" for a political candidate and his/her opponent in the policital race?

Back 4

lowest unit rate charged

Front 5

term for what is automatically activated when a politcal candidate "uses" nonexempt broadcast time

Back 5

equal opportunities

Front 6

can a broadcaster be subject to liability if they fail to censor or edit vulgar or defamatory remarks made by political candidates under the "rules"?

Back 6

no.

Front 7

fairness doctrine

Back 7

name for former FCC rule (abandoned in 1987) requiring all broadcasters to:
1.) devote a reasonable amount of programming to controversial issues of public importance
2.) provide contrasting viewpointes to those issues

Front 8

personal attack

Back 8

FCC rule (abandoned in 1987) activated whenever a person or small group is/was subjected to a character attack during broadcast presentations on public issues

Front 9

zapple

Back 9

FCC rule (still in effect) which requires that supporters of opponent candidates are entitled to equal time on the air if/when a broadcaster sells or gives nonexempt time to supporters of the other candidate

Front 10

Act I. Sec 8. Part 3. aka Commerce Clause

Back 10

ultimate legal source from which Congress derives its power to enact broadcast regulations and to delegate authority to the FCC

Front 11

communications act of 1934

Back 11

the basic legislation which still theoretically governs broadcasting today (includes many legis. amends.)

Front 12

public interest directed

Back 12

stated service goal/purpose for which broadcasting licensese were originally granted by FCC in 1934

Front 13

the FCC shall carry out its prescribed powers in the name of the "public..."

Back 13

a. convenience
b. interset
c. necessity

Front 14

the FCC's primary task of dividing and designating use of the radio spectrum involves what three processes?

Back 14

1. spectrum allocation
2. band allofment
3. channel agreement

Front 15

theory behind government control of broadcasting which treated radio spectrum as a public resource to which no individual could claim a "property right" = _____ similar to manner in which what other major "public resource" are treated = ____

Back 15

a. public water ways
b. public trust

Front 16

three probable causes of problems with electronic media regulation making it one of the most complex and inconsistent areas of government control

Back 16

1. inability to adapt to technological changes
2. poor planning
3. limited budgets

Front 17

three different sets of general beliefs about the role of governmental regulations, which contribute to the recent porliferation of the electronic media content control regulations and elimination of business regulatory oversight regulations

Back 17

1. proper role of representatives
2. concern with the motivation of individual citizens (homoeconomicus and homopoliticus)
3. appropriate goal of government regulation

Front 18

which of the "representational styles" would be most likely to promulgate laws and regulations for the benefit of small limited constituencies "back home"?

Back 18

committed 1 instructed delegate

Front 19

which of the citizen motivations and views of the appropriate role of government would be most ilkely to favor laws and regulations which gave themselves specific benefits or advanced their personal beliefs and agenda over those which produce the greatest good for the largest # of people?

Back 19

homoeconomicus

Front 20

purpos fo the creation of the FCC under the Communications Act of 1934 and the goal to which the FCC was entrusted

Back 20

"to maintain the control of the US over all the channels of radio transmission"
-regulating communications

Front 21

the congressional reason for granting the FCC independent regulatory authority over all electronic communications directed to promoting the public interest

Back 21

widespread fear of monopolic domination- maintain control

Front 22

name of 1st amendment political-philosophical interpretational approach which categorizes locations and then concludes that once a public-access channel is set up at the demand of franchising government, both the govt and the cable operator are prohibited from exercising control over content

Back 22

forum-based approach & designated public fora

Front 23

prior to 1993, if only one broadcast license was available in the community and two people applied for it, method used by the FCC to determine who would recieve it

Back 23

comparative process

Front 24

name of bureau of the FCC charged with enforcement of regulations on broadcasters

Back 24

media bureau

Front 25

if two people apply for the only broadcast license available in a community, method currently used by FCC to decide who will receive the license

Back 25

electronic simultaneous multiple-round = auction of highest bidder

Front 26

number out of 5 people who apply as a group for a broadcast license who must be US citizens, if any

Back 26

4

Front 27

types of individuals/groups which would have legal standing to formally oppose a licensing application or renewal wih the FCC

Back 27

a. listener/viewer who is a resident
b. direct economic interest
c. interference

Front 28

length of current licensing period for TV and radio stations, granted by the FCC (assuming licensees have no violations and havent been given a "short" or "limited" license)

Back 28

8 years

Front 29

term used to describe fact that those with current boradcast licenses have a total renewal advantage over all other potential licenses

Back 29

renewal expentancy

Front 30

name for law which protects the market for broadcasters who might otherwise find themselves effectively edged out by cablecasters who choose interest to import distant signals and other cable programming

Back 30

must carry rule

Front 31

retransmission concent

Back 31

name for 1993 FCC regulation under which a local cable system may have to pay a popular station for the right to carry its signal in the cable lineup

Front 32

under current regulations, what $ amount can cable companies charge their customers

Back 32

anything they want

Front 33

under what circumstance can a cable TV system might legally use its two-way capability to gather information about it's customers

Back 33

catch cable theft & for marketing information

Front 34

name of case in which "must-carry" law requiring cable companies to carry local broadcast stations was upheld

Back 34

Turner 2 v. CC in 1997 aka statutory copyright licenses

Front 35

family hour

Back 35

term for the time udring which it is safe for families to watch TV (from 7 PM to 9 PM)

Front 36

safe harbor

Back 36

time from 10 PM to 6AM when broadcasters can use more sexually explicit or violent programming

Front 37

audience of children of what ages are covered by FCC rules limiting number of commercial minutes during children's programming

Back 37

under 16

Front 38

under FCC rules, children's programming commercials must be limited to ____ on weekends

Back 38

10.5 minutes/hour

Front 39

"program-length commercial programming" will count in what manner towards the commercial limits

Back 39

entirety

Front 40

current requirement for broadcast of children's education programming (amount of time per what period)

Back 40

3 hours/week, between 7 AM and 10 PM