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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Marxism |
- Is a rationalist theory (Post-Structuralist and Post Colonialist is reflectivist and emphasize role of language with in epistomology) - Class struggle in IR - Materialist conception of society - Economics vital especially in world of capitalism: Tension between means of production and relations of production increaese with changes in means of production that create social change as well |
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Dependency Theory |
- Core and periphery - less developed countries and developed countries depend on one another but the relationship is explotive and the benefits are unevenly distributed - Capitalism operates both intentionally and unintentionally to ensure that the basis of this relationship remains uneven |
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Examples of capitalism operation intentionally and unintentionally |
1. Cutting back from trade because of economic recession 2. 70's and 80's have huge debt crisis because money was cheap but then % increased so countries went to WB in order to get money but had to liberalize economy to open market trading |
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Industries: Primary, Secondary, Tritiary |
Primary: extraction of raw materials i.e., agriculture, mining (less developed) Secondary: manufactures Tritary: services - Developed countries had mixture of 2nd and 3rd most world is primary - less convincing since OPEC nations have primary |
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World Systems Theory |
World Empires vs World Economies: both can be center but leads from periphery to the core -Semi periphery transitions b/w the two
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Temporal aspect of Word Systems Theory |
1) Cyclical Rhythms: Boom & Bust short term fluctuations in Economy 2) Secular Trends: Long-term growth and contraction of World Economy 3) Contradictions: unintended or undesireable consequences 4) Crisis ( replacement of other system when unsustainable) |
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The New Marxist |
-Reinventing & re-emphasizing Marxist thought -Rejects R's claim to be ahistoric - impossible since theories of IR embeded in patterns of social relations and models of production that influence form of state and interstate relations - economies determine politics
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Gramsciansm 1 |
- Hegemony: Power and Coercion - working class not interested in revolution b/c been bought of by higher power - oppressed by civil society (church, clubs, through informal organization) |
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Gramsciansm 2 |
-Transfer from domestic to international society - Traditional IR is subjective and so are facts -Dominant powers manufactured consent to status quo e.g., free trade
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Critical Theory |
- Similar to Gramcianism but interested in International society and security and IPE - Hegemony means working class no longer threat to the system - Emancipation is core - emphasis on individuality -more about maximizing welfare -rights & obligations exceed state boundaries -expansions of moral bounderies beyond states
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Critical Theory Cont'd |
-reject R from security and also of NL b/c emphasis on individual (any theory that is state centric is rejected) |
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Explanatory vs Constitutive Theories |
- Explanatory: Traditional - explains the world as it is (analytical) - Consitutive: new theories - explains the world as how it ought to be (normative)
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Foundational vs. Anti-Foundational |
-Theories can be found T or F using neutral facts (F) -There are no neutral facts, so theories cannot be proved true or false (AF) -Traditional theories mostly foundational; more recent are anti-foundational -AF truth exist (truth is subjective) -Facts are subjective b/c of social constraints |
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Positivist theory |
-Unity of Sci (natural & social worlds can be studies using same methodologies) -Facts & values are different and can be distinguished from one another -Social world has regularties or patterns that can be identified by analysis -Truth can be determined b/w competing ideas or theories by neutral facts |
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Post-Positivist (reflectivist theories) |
-Facts and knowledge are subjective because of our limited knowledge on certain subjects -Truth exist in our discourse |
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Post-Structuralism (post-modernism) |
-widely used reflectivist theory -rejection of metanarratives (theory w/ foundation for making claims on knowledge) -rejects facts as objective -Constitutive epistemology: facts are contingent on assumption a theory makes -De-construction any theory that makes claim to truth
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Discourse |
-Rejects concept that knowledge is immune from working of power - power actually produces knowledge and the two do not exist w/o each other - language produces meaning and never neutral -Ex. Translation of bible in Latin
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Genealogy and Deconstruction |
-no such thing as objective truth, only regimes of truth (only subjective in a specific discourse) -more powerful discourse will dominate weaker power therefore dominate discourse is more valid -Deconstruction: natural concepts and heirarchy w/in text ex. civilization and barbarism (stabilizes) |
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Dichotomies |
-likely both false and unstable -more than two possibilities generally exist and limit the menu of two -ex. Civil. and Barb. - more than those two exist between the two |
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Textual Strategies |
-Interpeting the world like a text by assessing the concepts and structures of language -Double reading -internal coherence -internal tensions from artifical stabilizers -Intertextuality: social world consists of texts that are connected to text that came before them
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Post Colonialism |
-bottom up approach -earlier IR considered colonial/post-colonial relations -sphere's of influences from cold war
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Subaltern |
-on diaries and literature as a basis of understanding nature -individual and international levels of IR -does the subaltern speak? -how do we know someone is speaking for themselves or is someone speaking on their behalf?
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