Marxism - Media

Front 1

Marx

Back 1

1] Ruling ideas are the ideas of the ruling class

2] BUT Gramsci - there is never full ideological control of ideas and values

Front 2

Tunstall and Palmer

Back 2

1] Media Moguls - government co-operation with and deregulation of the print media

2] BUT Murdoch's newscorp was blocked from getting complete control of Sky in 2011

Front 3

James Curran

Back 3

1] Power without responsibility - the growth in power and control of the media by corporate empires e.g. Murdoch

2] But they may just be interested in profit

Front 4

Ben Bagdikian

Back 4

1] Media monopoly - thousands of media companies are owned by less than a dozen corporations

3] BUT pluralists argue it just makes business sense to have large media owners rather than lots of small ones

Front 5

Gramsci - Neo-Marixism

Back 5

1] Cultural hegemony and hegemonic process achieved by mass media

2] BUT postmodernists ague that the world is now so media saturated that ideas of dominant classes are out of date

Front 6

Cultural Effects Model

Back 6

1] Hegemonic process

BUT

2] David Morley - structured interpretation model

Front 7

Stuart Hall

Back 7

1] Primary definers serve interest of ruling class. The creation of public idioms "swarm of migrants"

2] Hierarchy of credibility

HOWEVER

3] New media - citizen journalism etc.

Front 8

Moral Panics

Back 8

1] Distract from crisis caused by capitalism

2] Stuart Hall's "Policing the Crisis" - scapegoating ethnic minorities to divide the working class and distract attention

3] Immigration is recent example

Front 9

GUMG

Back 9

1] Agenda setting - media owners have the power to define political debate - e.g. business leaders are moderate, unions are extreme

2] Fallacy of choice - majority of people only read one newspaper

3] BUT New Media has created more choice, niche markets etc.

Front 10

New media

Back 10

1] PRISM - used by states to control and monitor their populations

2] However - Itzoe - freest forum of speech