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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a family?
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-A relationship by blood, marriage, affection in which members may cooperate economically, may care for children, and consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group.
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Types of Families: Family of orientation
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-Family you were born in to
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Types of Families: Family of procreation
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-Family you make through marriage, partnering, or parenthood
-Adoptive family |
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Fictive Kin
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-Nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimate
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Functions of a family
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-Regulation of sexual behavior
-Reproducing and socializing children -Property Inheritance -Economic Cooperation -Social placement, status, roles -Care, warmth, protection, intimacy |
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Marriage
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-An institutional arrangement b/w persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds
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According to Anthropologist William Stephens marriage is..
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-socially legitimate sexual union
-public announcement -undertaken with some idea of permanence -assumed w/ more or less explicit marriage contract |
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Family Trends
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-Family is a social institution: Major sphere of social life with set of beliefs and rules organized to meet basic needs
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Master Status
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-Major defining status/statuses that a person occupies
(son, daughter, wife, etc) |
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Monogamy
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-Marriage between one man and one woman
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Polygamy
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-System that allows for more than one spouse at a time (gender unspecified)
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Polygyny
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-Marriage pattern in which husbands can have more than one wife
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Polyandry
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-Wife can have multiple husbands
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Patterns of authority
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Patriarchy: rule of the father
Matriarchy: women hold power Egalitarian: Equal power for women and men |
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Patterns of descent
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Bilateral: descent can be traced through male and female sides of family
Patrilineal: lineage trailed through mans line Matrilineal: descent traced through womans line |
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Residence Patterns: Neolocal
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-Expectation that newly married couples establish residence and live independently
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Residence Patterns: Patrilocal
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-Lives around husbands family
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Residence Patterns: Matrilocal
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-Lives around wifes family
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Empirical Approach
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-Describe, Examine, Explain
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Qualitative Research
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-Narrative/words
-Survey: gathering info that isnt directly observed -Interview: conducted in person, time consuming |
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Quantitative Research
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-#'s analysis
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Mixed Methods
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-Little of both
-Experiment: for explanatory research with cause and effect relationships among variables -Focus Group: obtain info from small groups of people -Observational study: for exploratory and descriptive study of people in natural setting -Secondary Analysis: For exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory research with data collected for other purpose. |
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Theory
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-General framework used to understand/ describe real-life world
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Macro Family Theory: Structural Functionalism
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Family as an institution and how it functions to maintain its own needs and those of society
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Macro Family Theory: Conflict
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Social inequality results in unequal resources resulting in inevitable conflict
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Macro Family Theory: Feminism
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Investigation of family life as experienced by those in minority (women)
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Macro Family Theory: Social Exchange
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Family life as rational exchange designed to maximize rewards and control costs
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Micro Family Theory: Symbolic Interaction
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Family interaction governed by symbolic communication that defines reality
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Micro Family Theory: Developmental Theory
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Family life predicted by passage through normative stages and the accomplishment of corresponding tasks
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Micro Family Theory: Systems theory
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Circular interactions among system members resulting in functional or dysfunctional outcomes.
-e.x. Mobile tilting |
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Social Stratification
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-Hierarchical ranking of categories of people within society
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Sociological Imagination
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-Recognition that our personal experiences are, in large part, shaped by forces within larger society
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Sex
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-Biological differences between men and women and their role in reproduction
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Gender
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-Culturally and socially constructed diff between males and females rooted in beliefs of femininity and masculinity
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Androgyny
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Possessing both masculine and feminine traits in near equal proportion
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Gender socialization
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Teaching cultural norms associated with being male or females
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Agents of Socialization
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Primary groups responsible for gender socialization
-parents, schools, toys, peers, media -women outperform boys in high school but more men have better paying jobs |
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Race
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Category describing people who share real or perceived physical traits that society deems socially significant.
-skin color |
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Ethnicity
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Shared cultural characteristics
-language, dress, food, etc |
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Ethnic Group
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Everyone shares same ethnicity
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Minority group
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Category of people who have less power than dominant group who are subject to unequal treatment
-1/3 of people are part of minority |
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Social Capital
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Networking connections
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Prejudice
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Negative attitude about members of selected racial and ethnic groups
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Stereotypes
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Oversimplified sets of beliefs about groups of people
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Discrimination
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Behaviors based on racial or ethnic preferences
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Individual Discrimination
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One person exhibiting negative behavior towards another person
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Institutional Discrimination
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Social institutions create policies and practices that are systematically disadvantageous to certain groups
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Social Class
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A social position based primarily on income and wealth but occupational prestige and educational level may be relevant as well.
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SES (socioeconomic status)
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some combination of education, occupation, and income
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The Upper Class
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Wealthiest
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Upper middle class
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Highly educated professionals
-15% -doctors, lawyers, etc -100-200k |
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Middle class
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Professionals
-50-100k |
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Working Class
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Blue Collar, Factory Jobs
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Working poor
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-1.5% paid minimum wage
-slightly above poverty line (20k) |
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Underclass
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-3-5%
-Unstable housing, survival insecurities, marginally employed |
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Social Mobility
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Movement from one social class to another
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Poverty Guidlines
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-Est. 1964
-Measures number of people in poverty -based on thrifty food budget multiplied by 3 |
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Who is poor?
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-46.2 mil people
-16.4 mil kids -more than 6 mil= under 6 yrs -in CO 17.4%= kids in poverty |
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Consequences of poverty
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-inadequate health and nutrition
-food insequrity -quality of home enviro. -parental stress and mental health -fewer learning resources -housing probs -poor quality neighborhoods |
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Voluntary Temporary singles
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-Delay marriage due to career and education
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Voluntary Stable singles
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unmarried adults desiring single lifestyle
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Involuntary temporary singles
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Actively searching for a mate but unable to find one
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Involuntary stable singles
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Unmarried who can expect to be single for life, even if thats not what they desire
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Cross-sex friendships
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A friendship btw a man and women that is strictly platonic
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Courtship in early america: Calling
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A dating practice of 18th and 19th centuries in which a young man would visit a young woman in her parents home
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Principle of least interest
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Idea that unequal emotional involvement btw romantic partners has implications for the quality and stability of relationships
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Dating script
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A set of expectations around dating that are somewhat different for men and women
-who pays, etc |
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Gay emerging adult dating in college
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Changing scripts
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Homogamous Relationships
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Relationships in which we spend most of our time with people who are similar to ourselves
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Propinquity
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Geographical closeness
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Pool of Eligibles
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Group from which we are likely to choose our mates
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Cohabitation
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An arrangement in which two people live together without being married
-considered a common law marriage |
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Selection effect
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An explanation for the fact that people who cohabit tend to be the same ones who later divorce
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Gay and Lesbian Intimate Relationships
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GROSSSSSSSSSSSSSS!!!!!!!!!!!
-lebians more likely to be commited sooner than gay men -virtually no diff in cohabitation btw heterosexual couples |
