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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define research (2 types)
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primary - conduct yourself from research needs at hand
secondary - already available |
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qualitative
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expressing/measuring reality without numbers
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quantitative
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expressive/measuring reality with numbers
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operational measure
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percentage
sum average |
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constructs
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something that you are measuring
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independent variable
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the variable being manipulated or changed
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dependent variable
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the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated
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extraneous variable
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might affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
usually not obvious. beyond researcher's perception. |
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independent vs. dependent variables
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vitamin intake in an experiment vs. life span
see if the independent variable of high vitamin C dosage affects the dependent variable of people's life span. |
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conditions for a representative sample (2)
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1. everyone in the population has to have a chance of being surveyed.
- must be representative of population. - reduces coverage error 2. selection must be purely random |
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errors of sample design (4)
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numerical error
coverage error non-response error sample bias |
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numerical error
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not enough surveyed
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coverage error
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not accurately representing the population in the survey list
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non-response error
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no coverage error, but people that responded are not the same kind of people that didn't respond
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sample bias
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non of the other 3 but people who are surveyed have a predisposed opinion
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errors in validity of a question
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design bias
respondent bias |
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design bias
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created an experiment that is affecting the outcome
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respondent bias
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threatening questions
eg. asking a woman how old she is |
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double-barrel question
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tries to measure two things at once
invalidates the question |
