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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 3 major worm phyla?
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1) Platyhelmentis (Flatworms)
2) Nementia (Ribbon Worms) 3) Annelida (Segmented worms) |
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Worms in general...?
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* Big leap forward: 3RD tissue layer
*More complex and larger. *Triploblastic *Bilateral symmetry *Cephalization |
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WHat is cephalization?
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An evolutionary trend to place neural and sensory organs in the head or near the anterior of it.
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sense go to the front...chomp! i can feel it, and i can get away in time before the rest of me gets it.
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Bilateral symmetry?
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Anterior (front), Posterior (back), Dorsal (top), and Ventral (bottom).
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Triploblastic?
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To have three primary germ layers.
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Why is the THIRD tissue layer considered a BIG leap forward in worms?
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Because this third tissue layer allows for guts and entire organ systems to be made.
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Characteristics of the platyhelmentis?
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*Flat, and plate-like
*There are four classes; turbilaria, monogenea, trimatodes, sestoda. *acoelumate *Unsegmented *Incomplete gut (blind gut) *Protonephridia (network of dead-end tubules) *centralized nerve system |
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What are some of the things that make up the platyhelmentis' centralized nerve system?
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*cephaloganglia
*2 ventral nerve cords |
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What is a protonephridia?
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A network of dead-end tubules that act like the 'kidneys'.
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What does acoelumate mean?
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Having no hollow-body cavity.
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Which of the 4 classes of playhelmentis are parasitic? Which is the only 'normal' group?
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PARASITIC: Monogenea, Trimatodes, and Sestoda.
'NORMAL': Turbilaria. |
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What is a cirrus? And what is a cloacha?
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Cirrus is a very simplified version of a penis.
Cloacha is a simplified version of a vagina. |
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What are the reproductive means of the playhelmentis?
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ASEXUALLY: Fragmentation (cut it in the middle, and the two pieces will become two new worms)
SEXUALLY: Hermaphroditically ('compliment'[?]) |
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Characteristics of the Nementia?
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*pseudo-coelumate (FAKE hollow-body cavity)
*complete gut *TRUE digestive system *Closed circulatory system *Simplified renal system |
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What is the flow of the nementia's digestive system?
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mouth--> heart--> stomach--> caecum--> intestines--> anus
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What does it mean if a nemertia has a pseudo-coelumate?
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The guts bounce around, meaning MAJOR limitations on the worm's part.
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What are the two classes of the Nemertia?
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*Enopla
*Anopla |
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What is the distinction between the enopla and the anopla?
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The ENOPLA has stylets. The ANOPLA dont.
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What is a stylet?
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These are bullet-like appendages by which the nemertia uses to penetrate the cell wall of it's host.
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WHat is the only part of the anatomy of the nemertia that you can remember?
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The proboscis (UNIQUE to the Nemertia), which is housed inside the pseudo-coelum.
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How do the Nemertia reproduce?
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ASEXUALLY: Fragmetnation (some of them anyways, can do this, just like the flatworm).
SEXUALLY: Gonocharistically (either male/female). External fertilization (spawning). |
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What's one 'interesting' fact about the nemertia that you can remember?
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They are predators/scavengers.
And also, they are benthic, mobile creatures. |
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Characteristics of the Annelids?
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*Segmented
*Bilateral symmetry *Triploblastic *Coelumate-ACTUALLY have a true hollow body cavity. *Complete gut *Complete and complex organ system. *Closed circulatory system *Metanephridia *Complex cephalization- "funny head" |
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What are the THREE classes of the Annelids?
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*Elligokits
*Polykits *Hirodinada |
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REPRODUCTIVE means of the Annelids?
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Most are gonocaristic, as they are sooo complex, they need to choose.
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What are parapodia?
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para(almost)+podia(feet)=almost feet.
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What are the radioles?
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these are extensions that come off the head, and are used for feeding (either by suspension feeding/deposit feeding).
These are also used for gas exchange (but if the worm doesn't have radioles, then the parapodia are used for gas exchange). |
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What are the REPRODUCTIVE means of the Annelids?
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Since there are no real evidence of dedicated assexual reproduction, they are only left with gonocaristicism (if that is even a word).
Also, they are VERY good at regenerating, and there is evidence of both internal and external fertilization. |
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What are the larvae of Annelids called?
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Trochlophore larvae (1) have a diamond-shaped sort of body, (2) and havea cilliary band around their waist.
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What is the ecology of the annelids?
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*Some are MOBILE (epibenthic).
*Some are SEDENTARY (moves infrequently). *Some are SESSILE (dig a hole and settle there, they can't move once they do because that's it; they area permanent fixture). Mostly predatory and/or filter-feeders. |
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