Marine Science Lab Final

Front 1

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a

Back 1

Divergent margin type

Front 2

There are 13 major _____________ plates

Back 2

lithospheric

Front 3

The East African Rift valley represents what stage of the Wilson Cycle

Back 3

Embryotic

Front 4

For each ocean basin, what feature is associated with the youngest seafloor

Back 4

Mid-Ocean Ridges

Front 5

For each ocean basin, what feature is associated with the oldest sea floor

Back 5

Trenches

Front 6

What feature occurs beneath Iceland and what makes this such a unique location?

Back 6

A hot spot, this is unique because eventually it will be a much warmer area due to the hotpot.

Front 7

The highest mountain on Earth (when measured above sea level) is called

Back 7

Mt. Everest

Front 8

How high is Mt. Everest in meters?

Back 8

8,850 m.

Front 9

What is Earth's deepest trench with its depth in meters

Back 9

Mariana's Trench is 10,994 meters deep.

Front 10

True or False?

Oceanic crust is less dense than Continental Crust

Back 10

false

Front 11

An example of an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary is:

Back 11

Mariana's Trench

Front 12

An example of a continental-continental plate convergent boundary or feature formed

Back 12

Rocky Mountains; non-volcanic mountains

Front 13

The Pacific Ocean is in which stage of the Wilson Cycle?

Back 13

Declining

Front 14

Explain the formation of the Hawaiian Island chain

Back 14

The plates moving along a hot spot while the hot spot stays in the same place.

Front 15

Thermohaline Circulation

Back 15

The movements of water masses throughout the oceans are primarily controlled by differences in their densities, not by winds.

Front 16

Density is controlled by

Back 16

changes in temperature and salinity

Front 17

True or False? Warm water is not as dense as cold water?

Back 17

True

Front 18

What is the average salinity of the world's oceans?

Back 18

35 ppt

Front 19

What kind of pressure systems are hurricanes

Back 19

Hurricanes are low pressure systems

Front 20

Hurricanes that form in the Southern Hemisphere have winds that circulate ____________ around the eye of the storm

Back 20

Clockwise

Front 21

True or False?

The coriolis effect is weaker at high latitudes

Back 21

False

Front 22

Describe two factors that cause the density of saltwater to decrease

Back 22

Precipitation can cause the density to decrease because it gives more water to the water to salt ratio.

Groundwater input or runoff also adds water to the water to salt ratio.

Front 23

Cold and salty water is always ________ than warm, fresher water.

Back 23

More Dense

Front 24

Would Glaciers melting in Antarctica or Icebergs melting in the arctic have a bigger impact on sea level and why?

Back 24

Glaciers melting in Antarctica would have a bigger impact because the ice from icebergs displaces its weight so it does not change sea level.

Front 25

When seawater in the arctic starts to freeze, the salinity of the surrounding ocean water

Back 25

Increases

Front 26

A hydrometer measures

Back 26

density

Front 27

The ____ is the part of the hurricane that has the strongest winds and heaviest rainfall.

Back 27

eyewall

Front 28

Hurricanes rotate in which direction in the southern hemishphere

Back 28

clockwise

Front 29

__________________ is a temporary elevation is sea level, which results from a hurricane.

Back 29

Storm Surge

Front 30

What causes Storm Surge

Back 30

Low pressure, high winds, and high waves associated with a hurricane as it makes landfall.

Front 31

Approximately where is the ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) located?

Back 31

Along the equator

Front 32

The lower the latitude the ______ the Coriolis Effect

Back 32

weaker

Front 33

What are two conditions that are necessary for hurricanes to develop?

Back 33

coriolis effect & warm water

Front 34

When the water depth is greater than half the wavelength (D>L/2) we classify these waves as

Back 34

Deep water waves

Front 35

The equation C=L/T describes

Back 35

Wave Speed

Front 36

As water depth decreases the celerity of the wave

Back 36

decreases

Front 37

Breakwaters

Back 37

are barriers built offshore in front of harbors or shorelines to absorb of reflect waves out to sea.

Front 38

The equation for Aerobic Respoiration

Back 38

CH2O + O2 -------> CO2 + H2O

Front 39

Cases where the production of O2 by marine plants is large, or waves are producing vigorous mixing, dissolved O2 concentrations change respectively and are said to be

Back 39

Supersaturated

Front 40

At high latitudes, low temperatures enhance the oxygen solubility in the ocean and also cause the surface waters to increase in density and therefore sink. This process is known as:

Back 40

thermohaline circulation

Front 41

Name two ways that oxygen gets into the ocean

Back 41

photosynthesis

gaseous equilibrium with the atmosphere

Front 42

These algae have their cellular contents enclose in a pair of siliceous shells, the smaller of which fits into the larger, like a box and its lid and often form long chains

Back 42

Diatoms

Front 43

______________ have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen while releasing oxygen during the process of photosynthesis and enables them to thrive in nutrient deplete locations around the world.

Back 43

Cyanobacteria

Front 44

Modern plankton sampling nets have very fine mesh and made from

Back 44

nylon

Front 45

Since phytoplankton, like all plants, need light for photosynthesis, they have a number of adaptions that will slow the rate at which they might sink. One of these adaptations would be

Back 45

Storing light ions such as NH4+

Front 46

Some zooplankton spend only part of their lives within the plankton community, they are known as:

Back 46

Meroplankton

Front 47

The ______ are primary producers, and, in the open ocean away from attached seagrasses and kelps, they are at the base of the food web and the only source of energy for herbivores.

Back 47

Phytoplankton

Front 48

What is an advantage for a benthic organism in having planktonic larvae?

Back 48

It makes is easier to disperse throughout the ocean

Front 49

Name on pigment that is common in marine algae

Back 49

Chlorophyll

Front 50

Write out the formula for photosynthesis

Back 50

6CO2+12H2O --------------> C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O

Front 51

Rhodophyta is a division of ______ aglae

Back 51

Red

Front 52

___________ is a green pigment that absorbs sunlight in the blue and red regions of the visible light spectrum.

Back 52

Chlorophyll a

Front 53

Fucoxanthin

Back 53

Brown

Front 54

Phycoerythrin

Back 54

Red

Front 55

Phycocyanin

Back 55

Blue

Front 56

Chlorophyll a

Back 56

Green

Front 57

The visible light spectrum ranges from approximately __________ nanometers (nm)

Back 57

400-700 nm

Front 58

In the oceanm, which wavelength is absorbed quickly in the first few meters in the surface?

Back 58

Red light

Front 59

Organisms capable of carrying out the process of photosynthesis are known as

Back 59

primary producers

Front 60

Explain why macroalgae need pigments

Back 60

Different pigments allow plants to absorb more of the sun's energy

Front 61

How is the possession of additional pigments (other than chlorophyll a) an advantage for different macroalgae species?

* 2 Reasons

Back 61

It expands the absorption spectrum of light, and extends the depths to which certain species can grow.

Front 62

Crabs and sea urchins are said to be _______ organisms because they live their lives on the sea floor.

Back 62

Benthic

Front 63

________ defines the lifestyle or role that an organisms plats in an ecosystem

Back 63

Niche

Front 64

Crabs and squid are said to have this kind of symmetry

Back 64

bilateral

Front 65

__________ is known as the production of light by organisms.

Back 65

Bioluminescence

Front 66

1in = ____ cm

Back 66

2.54 cm

Front 67

1m = _____ cm

Back 67

100 cm

Front 68

1kg = ____ lbs

Back 68

2.2 lbs

Front 69

°C=?

Back 69

°F+40(5/9)-40

Front 70

The Wilson Cycle Stages

Back 70

Embryonic

Young (juvenile)

Mature

Declining

Terminal

Relict Scar

Front 71

The Wilson Cycle

Back 71