Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
subsistence whaling
|
-aboriginal hunting:
-aleuts = poisoned harpoon -recovered whale onshore |
|
|
drive fishery
|
-small cetaceans scared into shallows by loud banging noises
|
|
|
mechanized whaling
|
-steam power ships
-svend gun -remote stations -factory ships -IWC *roquals (balaenoptera) |
|
|
svend gun (1860s)
|
-explosive grenade harpoon mounted on a powered catcher boat
|
|
|
antarctic whaling stations
|
-established 1904
|
|
|
factory ships (1925)
|
-all processing occurred onboard
-fin whale = 1/2 hr -unregulated whaling = population declines |
|
|
first regulations: 1931
|
-protection of right whales (started in 1935)
|
|
|
first regulations: 1937
|
-gray whales
|
|
|
international convention for regulation of whaling (ICRW)
|
-treaty (1937): limited antarctic factory ships, set min. sizes for humpback, blue, sei, fin, and sperm whales
-japan and USSR "objected" |
|
|
whaling 1937-1938
|
-35 shore stations
-35 factory ships -356 catcher boats -took 54,902 whales -84% from antarctic waters |
|
|
ICRW 1946
|
-established the International Whaling Commission (IWC)
-goal: to provide for the conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry -membership: open to any nation adhering to the 1946 convention -originally 15 nations including US, UK, USSR, Brazil, Australia |
|
|
blue whale units (BWU)
|
1 blue = 2 fin = 2.5 humpback = 6 sei
|
|
|
international whaling commission (IWC)
|
-1960s: biologically based management
-MSY: maximum sustainable yield, manage stocks at a level where production is highest and the greatest number can be sustainably harvested -no enforcement or inspection |
|
|
IWC 1960s - 1970s
|
-protection of blue whale and humpback
-abandoned BWU -1974, new management procedure |
|
|
1982 and 1994
|
-1982: moratorium on whaling (1985)
-1994 revised management procedure (RMP) |
|
|
revised management plan
|
-ensure depleted stocks are rehabilitated
-computer models to determine allowable catches -no whaling below 54% of initial abundance -target = 72% of initial level |
|
|
modern IWC issues
|
-are killing methods humane?
-aboriginal whaling -iceland and norway commercial harvest of minke whale -japanese scientific whaling |
|
|
scientific whaling
|
-obtain info for conservation and sustainability of marine living resources
-studying: feeding ecology, stock structure, environmental effects on cetaceans and marine ecosystem |
|
|
2005 meeting
|
-japan proposed removal of moratorium
|
|
|
2007 meeting
|
-unanimous decision to coninue US and Russia indigenous hunts
-greenland requested and received increase to 200 minke, 19 fin, and 2 bowhead -japan proposed deal to abandon humpback harvest, in return, requests local commercial minke harvest |
