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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Pacific Ocean?
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Ptolemy sent ships here via New Guinea before the Dark Ages.
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Who is Aristotle?
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The only person to practice marine biology in detail before the Dark Ages. Studied angler fish, electric rays, sharks, and octopus.
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Who is Captain James Cook?
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He made the first scientific voyages during which he collected mud from 683 fathoms, and recorded winds, currents, and sea temperatures.
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Who is Benjamin Franklin?
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A famous Postmaster General, he plotted the course of the Gulf Stream.
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What is the Gulf Stream?
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A fast, northward flowing current off New England, the course of which was plotted by Benjamin Franklin.
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What is the Challenger?
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A Britain ship for the first large-scale, deep-sea expedition.
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What is the aqualung SCUBA?
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This was developed around 1943 by Cousteau and Gagnan, and eliminated the need for an air line to the surface.
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What are the north and south Atlantic?
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The major sources of cold, dense water that enters the deep-ocean circulation.
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What are island arcs and trenches?
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Geological features occurring at subduction zone.
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What is a subduction zone?
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Where one tectonic plate moves beneath another.
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What is a western boundary current?
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The fastest major oceanic current.
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What is the density of sea water?
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Salinity and temperature determine this.
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What is evaporation?
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The process responsible for differences in salinity between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, and the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean.
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What are oceanic ridges?
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Primary sites of sea-floor production and spreading; where sediments are thin near center and deepen laterally.
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What is thermocline?
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Subsurface zone of rapid change in temperature.
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What is a spring?
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Tides that have high "tidal range".
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What are hot spots?
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Source of hot magma that produces islands, often in chains like the Hawaiian Islands.
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What is Ekman transport?
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A phenomenon responsible for water flowing in the opposite direction 100 m below ocean surface.
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What is a tsunami?
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The more scientific name for a "tidal wave".
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What are marine sediments?
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Composed of plankton skeletons, clay, other minerals, volcanic rocks, and precipitates.
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What are chemoautotrophs?
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Organisms that fix carbon using energy from high-energy inorganic molecules.
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What is aggregation?
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When bacteria-covered particles stick together. It enhances settling of particles.
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What is heterotrophic bacteria?
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They attach to surfaces, secrete exoenzymes, and absorb products at surfaces.
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What is diversity and concentration of enzymes?
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Benefit to bacteria of forming colonies on surfaces.
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What are the characteristics of bacterially-luminescent light organs?
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Always on, small to large light organs, and both internal and external.
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What is colonization by the luminescent bacteria, vibrio fischeri?
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Development ceases and the organ regress when this does not happen in the bobtailed squid.
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What are dinoflagellates?
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In the phylum Pyrrophyta, they are microscopic, unicellular phytoplankton.
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What is brown algae?
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It's a large, multicellular benthic organism that store laminarin and are a commercial source of alginic acid.
(Also likes to rush into burning buildings...) |
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What are salt marsh plants?
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Emergent halophytes found in tidally-influenced, highly productive habitats.
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What are sea grasses?
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Submerged green plants with elongate leaves sprouting from rhizomes and seeds tightly packed into spadix.
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What is red algae?
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The dominant algae in the tropics, it grows largest in temperate zones.
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What are tintinnids?
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Single-celled organisms in a usually conical lorica of protein and polysaccharide.
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What are diatoms?
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In the phylum Bacillariophyta, they are microscopic and unicellular. They are either planktonic or attached to (non)/living surfaces, and store oils.
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What are mangroves?
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Plants with salt glands, waxy leaves and prop roots that support their vegetative structure.
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What are are foraminifera?
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They can be micro to macroscopic with a test containing a series of chambers. Most common in sediments.
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What are arrow worms?
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Their scientific name is Chaetognatha, they're planktonic, small, elongate, nearly-transparent predators with large heads and fang-like teeth.
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What are hydroids?
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Colonial cnidarians, they have tentacles suspended beneath a pneumatophore and often have powerful nematocysts.
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What are polyclad flatworms?
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Benthic, often colorful, marine worms with no segments and a blind gut.
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What are anemones?
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The polyp form is dominant in this colonial organism, which secrete supports of calcium carbonate.
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What are polychaete worms?
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Marine worms with paddle-like parapodia on their segments, varying from planktonic to benthic.
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What are comb jellies?
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Gelatinous zooplankters with primarily radial symmetry, some have two feeding tentacles. Often bioluminescent.
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What are sponges?
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In the phylum porifera, they are benthic with simple or no symmetry and filter water through body wall.
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What are ribbon worms?
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Marine worms with complete digestive tract, a complex nervous system, and a proboscis to ensnare or stab prey.
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What are cephalopods?
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Predators with mouth containing beak-like jaws surrounded by tentacles. Both benthic and open sea.
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What are krill?
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Pelagic shrimp-like crustaceans of great importance to baleen whale's diet.
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What are barnacles?
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Sessile crustacean that uses modified feet to filter feed.
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What are chitons?
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Slow-moving herbiverous mollusks which have an exposed surface with eight carbonate plates.
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What are sea cucumbers?
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Elongate echinoderms without rigid skeleton, some of which eviscerate when attacked.
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What are roundworms?
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Elongate worms, both parasite and free-living, with pointed tips and whip-like movement.
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What are diatoms?
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This group of marine unicellular primary producers "shouldn't throw stones".
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What is high heat capacity?
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It keeps water from changing temperature readily and keeps temperature variability low.
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