Marine Environments Chapter 6-13 Test

Front 1

SUB-TIDAL

Back 1

The region of the shore that is covered by water even during low tide. It is also known as the infra-littoral zone

Front 2

Continental shelf

Back 2

Shallowest part of continental margin from shore to the slope. Covers 8% of earth.

Front 3

Ecological Niche

Back 3

Combo of what a species eats, where it lives, how it behaves and its lifestyle

Front 4

Understory

Back 4

area below kelp canopy

Front 5

Upwelling

Back 5

upward flow of nutrients and deep water to surface

Front 6

monsoons

Back 6

winds in N. Indian Ocean that blow sw in summer and ne in winter

Front 7

Kelp beds
Kelp forests
Fronds
Stipes
Pnuematocyst

Back 7

large dense patches of kelp
when fronds make canopy
leaf-like blades
stem-like portion of thallus
gas-filled bladder

Front 8

4 Types of seaweed (growth forms)

Back 8

filamentous
Think and leafy
Branched
encrusting- thin layer on over rocks

Front 9

Vertical Zonation

Back 9

Epipelagic 100-200
Mesopelagic- 200-1000
Bathypelagic- 1000-4000
Abyssopelagic- 4000-6000
Hadopelagic- 6000-10000

Front 10

Algae

Back 10

eukaryotic autotrophic protists that lack structure features of plants

Front 11

Anadromous
Catadromous

Back 11

fish migrate to fresh water to breed
fish migrate to salt water to breed

Front 12

Baleen whales

Back 12

filter feeding whales

Front 13

bioturbator

infauna

epifauna

Meiofauna/intersitial fauna

Back 13

member of infauna the moves sediment while burrowing or feeding

animals that burrow

live between sediment particles
animals live on surface of substrate

Front 14

Calcerous green algae

Chordates

Back 14

green algae that depsit CaCo2 in thallus

animals with dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill slits, notochord

Front 15

Chordates

Back 15

animals with dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill slits, notochord

Front 16

Cleaning associations

Back 16

symbiotic relationships where cleaner fish removes parasite from bigger fish

Front 17

commensualism
mutualism
parasitism
predation
competition

Back 17

+ 0
+ +
+ -
+ -
+- or - -

Front 18

community
populations

Back 18

populations in same area at same time
species in same area at same time

Front 19

coralline algae

Back 19

red algae that deposit caco2 in thallus

Front 20

cordgrass

Back 20

salt tolerant species of Spartina, that inhabit salt marshes

Front 21

countershading

Back 21

dark back light belly

Front 22

decomposers

Back 22

organisms like decay bacteria and archaea that break down dead organic matter into smaller molecules

Front 23

demersal fish

Back 23

bottom dwelling fish

Front 24

deposit feeder

Back 24

feeds on organic matter that settles on bottom

Front 25

downwelling

Back 25

sinker of denser surface water

Front 26

downed river valley

Back 26

estuary formed when sea level rose at end of last glacial age

Front 27

ecological sucession

Back 27

regular replacement of species by others in area

Front 28

ecosystem

Back 28

community plus physical enviro interacting in large self contained area

Front 29

endolithic alga

Back 29

alga that burrows

Front 30

endophyte
epiphyte

Back 30

photosynthetic org living within cells or tissues of alga or plants

organism that lives on alga or plants

Front 31

euryhaline
stenohalie

Back 31

organims that tolerates wide range of salt
narrow range of salt

Front 32

eutrophication

Back 32

increased nutrients lead to undesirable increase in growth of algae

Front 33

filter feeder

Back 33

active suspension feed

Front 34

fyord

Back 34

estuary formed in a deep valley by retreating glacier

Front 35

food chain

food web

Back 35

steps of transfer of energy from primary producers to through consumers

all interconnecting feeding relationships in a community

Front 36

fouling organisms

Back 36

live attached to submerged surfaces like boats and pilings

Front 37

grazer

Back 37

organism feed on plants

Front 38

green alga

Back 38

seaweed where chlorophyll pigment primary

Front 39

habitat

Back 39

natural environment where organism lives

Front 40

heart urchins

Back 40

urchins with flat test and short spines

Front 41

inducible defense

Back 41

defense mechanism that an organims uses in response to predators

Front 42

interspecific v intraspecific competition

Back 42

inter- different species
intra- same species

Front 43

keystone predator

Back 43

predatory species whose effects on its community are proportionately much greater than its abundance

Front 44

larva

Back 44

immature stage of animale, looks different than adult

Front 45

limiting resource

Back 45

essential factor whose short supply limits population growth

Front 46

mangroves

Back 46

shrubs and trees that live along the seashore in tropical and subtropical regions and tolerate inundation by seawater

Front 47

mudflat

Back 47

a muddy bottom that is exposed at low tide

Front 48

negative estuaries

Back 48

estuaries where loss of fresh water through evaporation is higher than freshwater input from rivers

Front 49

neritic zone
oceanic

Back 49

pelagic enviro above continental shelf

past shelf break

Front 50

osmoconformer
osmoregulator

Back 50

allows inner salt conc to change with water
controls inner salt concentration

Front 51

outwelling

Back 51

export of detritus and organic matter from estuaries to other systems

Front 52

oyster reef

Back 52

dense oyster bed present in some estuaries and other marine environments

Front 53

pnuematophore

Back 53

upward extension of roots of mangroves

Front 54

pyrimad of biomass

of energy

of numbers

Back 54

decrease in biomass is observed in each level up food chain
decrease in energy
decrease in numbers of individ

Front 55

resource partitioning

Back 55

sharing of resources by specialization

Front 56

salt marsh

Back 56

grassy area that extends along shores of estuaries and sheltered coasts in temperate and subpolar regions

Front 57

salt wedge

Back 57

denser saltier seawater layer that flows on bottom of estuaries

Front 58

seagrasses

Back 58

grass-like flowering plants adapted to live at see

Front 59

seaweeds

Back 59

large multicellular algae

Front 60

swarming

Back 60

aggregation of individuals for spawning or other purposes

Front 61

tectonic estuary

Back 61

estuary resulting from the sinking of land due to movements of the crust

Front 62

trophic level

Back 62

each steps in food pyramid

Front 63

trophic pyramid

Back 63

biomass, energy, numbers for food chain

Front 64

vegetative reproduction

Back 64

asexual reproduction