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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is rigging
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The art and practice of securing or moving obects utilizing line, chains, cranes, tuggers or other equiptment offering mechanical advantage.
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Define "Marlinspike Seamanship"
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The art of tying knots, bends and hitches. Working with soft line.
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Explain Rope V. Line
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ROPE is the product that is purchased.
Once it is placed aboard a vessel it is called LINE. |
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Cordage
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All twisted rope of whatever size and material
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Rope
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Cordage over 1/4th in diameter
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Line
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Rope that has been cut
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Hawser
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Line 2' In Diameter or larger
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The three components of rope
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Fibers
Yarns Strands |
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Fibers
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Smallest component of line
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Yarns
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The number of fibers twisted together
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Strands
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Two or more yarns twisted together
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Line is typically _____ _____ lay
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Right Hand
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The strands have a _____ ______ lay. The yarns have a _____ _____ lay. The fibers have a _____ _____ lay.
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Right Hand
Left Hand Right Hand |
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Two types of soft line
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Natural- Organic fibers
Synthetic- Manmade fibers |
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4 types of natural line
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Manila
Hemp Cotton Sisal |
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3 types of synthetic lines
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Polypropylene
Nylon Dracon (polyester) |
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List 4 pros of manila
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Holds knots well (wont slip)
Inexpensive Considered disposable Handy "All around" line |
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4 cons of manila
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Will rot if stored damp or wet
Not partucularly durable (abraision resistant) Can be rough on hands Rarely used underwater |
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What are the 3 bad "M's" for manila
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mildew
moisture marine growth |
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Synthetics are _________ than natural line. They are very resistant to _________ due to moisture.
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Stronger
Rot |
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7 pros of polypropelene
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Non-conductive when dry
light weight floats durable in marine environments inexpensive small diameters considered disposable easy to untie |
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4 cons of poly
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Low melting point (330 F)
Capstan Suseptable to uv light damage Knots slip easily |
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4 pros of Nylon
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3 times stronger than manila
Extremely durable and abraision resistant Extremely resistant to UV light & Moisture Withstands Heat (Popular for mooring lines) |
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3 Cons of Nylon
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Expensive
Can be impossible to untie if the knot is tight Absorbs water and sinks when wet |
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KNOTS
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A pattern of twists curls and curves that fasten a line onto itself. A knot is tied with one piece of rope.
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BENDS
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Used to tie the ends of the same or two different lines together
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HITCH
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Used to FASTEN one line to another object such as a pole, handrail, tool or other line that is taught.
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STANDING PART
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The long end of a piece of line
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BIGHT
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Any slack part of a line between the ends, particularly when curved or looped
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TURN
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A bight or wrap around something
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BITTER END
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The extreme end of a line
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ROUND TURN
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One complete turn (360) around something with a line or a bight
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"Slack the Line" means
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To pay out line
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"Get up on the she slack" means
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Pick up line, remove excess standing line between you and object
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"Take a Strain" means
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To pull ALL of the slack out of a line. To pull a line taut.
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"Hold the slack" means
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To not let any line pay out
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3 ways to secure the bitter end
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Tape
Melting Whipping |
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What is a MARLINSPIKE used for?
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To seperate the strands of WIRE rope when splicing
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What are FIDS used for?
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To seperate the strands of LINE when splicing
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SAFE WORKING LOAD
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The MAXIMUM working load limit
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What are the mimimum Safety Factors for:
TYPICAL LINE |
5:1
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What are the mimimum Safety Factors for:
CRITICAL LIFTING |
12:1
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What are the mimimum Safety Factors for:
LIFTING PERSONNEL |
10:1
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What are the mimimum Safety Factors for:
OVERHEAD LIFTING |
11:1
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What is the formula to determine
WORKING LOAD LIMIT |
Minimum Breaking Strength from manufacturer /
Required Safety Factor EX: 1000 LBS / 10:1 = 100 LBS Working Load Limit |
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What are the Key Numbers for:
Manila Poly Nylon |
20
40 60 |
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How do you calc SWL
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1) Convert Diameter of rope into 8ths of an inch
2) Square the numerator 3) Multiply by the key number |
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What is the approx. reduction in line strength for:
KNOTS |
50%
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What is the approx. reduction in line strength for:
BENDS |
50%
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What is the approx. reduction in line strength for:
HICHES |
50%
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What is the approx. reduction in line strength for:
SPLICES |
30%
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How much can Manila and Poly stretch while working before damaging or breaking?
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10% of its length
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How much can Nylon stretch while working before Damaging or Breaking?
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30% of its length
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RULE #1 of Rigging
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Never stand under the load
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RULE #2
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Never stand in the bight of a line
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RULE #3
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Never stand in the "Firing line" of a line under tension (or one that may come under tension at anytime w/o warning)
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A line should not bend around a static object less than ______ times its diameter
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3X its diameter
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If passing a line through a sheave, its radius should be ______ times the lines diameter.
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R should be
8X line diameter |
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What is the critical & charring temp. of:
MANILA |
Crit: 180F
Charring: 350F |
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What is the critical charring temp. of:
POLY |
Crit: 150F
Charring: 330F |
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What is the critical charring temp. of:
NYLON |
Crit: 350F
Charring: 460F |
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The Breaking Stregth of Line is based on:
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New, unused line
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When inspecting a line, what are you looking for?
(7) |
Wear, damage, rot, UV decay, glossy/glazed portions, inconsistent diameter, discoloration
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When opening internal portions of cordage during inspection, what may you encounter that is a sign of wear
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Powder (line)
Rust powder (wire) |
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When do you inspect cordage
(3) |
- Prior to placing it into service
- While placing into service * Where it runs through a block * As it burns over a radius - Before Storage |
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The "dont's" of using line
(6) |
- Store Natural line in a damp place
- Pull line form outside of coil (will cause birds nest) - Drag over rough, dirty surfaces - Allow to kink -Overstrain the line - Shockload the line |
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If a line is kinked, how do you properly remove the kink
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Untwist the line (Dont pull)
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Storing rope:
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Coil back onto spool, wind onto self
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Storing small line (1/4 - 1/2) Versus Storing large line
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- Small line should be coiled clockwise and fastened by bight of its own line onto itself
- Large line should be coiled and secured at one or more locations by smaller line |
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Faking:
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to lay down line in long strips in a narrow area
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Coiling:
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loops on lines self, typically with 3' or 4 ' center diameters
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Figure eight
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Coils in a large firgure eight loop. used on longer and larger diameter lines to be hung
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5 types of slings:
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Wire rope
nylon web polyester chain homemade |
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Wire rope slings are specified by:
(5) |
Wire Diameter
type # of legs leg length end fittings (eye, hook, thimble) |
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When to use WIRE ROPE for a sling
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Most common, can be manufactured in any size or configuration
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When to use NYLON WEB for a sling
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Lifting light to moderate loads, good for use when coating needs to stay intact
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When to use POLYSTER sling
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Used in endless slings, easy to work with and very strong. Expensive
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When to use CHAIN sling
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Very strong and durable. hard to work with
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"Endless sling" v "Grommet"
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-Endless sling is a synthetic fiber loop, used in gulf often
- Grommet is a wire loop. used on west coast |
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The three hitches in lifting
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Single pick
choker basket |
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SINGLE PICK hitch
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The strap is shackled into a padeyein the material to be lifted. the strap retains all its strength.
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CHOKER hitch
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The strap is wrapped around the bject and either passed back through itself or shackled back into itself.
* Retains around 80% of its strength |
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What is a rule when usung the choker hitch
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ALWAYS wrap around the object at least twice
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BASKET hitch
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The strap supports the load with both legs as if craddeled in a basket. The strap retains from 100% to double its strength
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4 types of shackles
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- screw pin
- safety shackle - rivet pin - forelock shackle |
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Screw Pin shackle
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Most common shackle, used in lighter ops.
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Safety shackle
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Utilized when imparative that the shackle not come undone
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Rivet pin shackle
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large mooring shackles closed by heating and hammering pin closed
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Forelock shackles
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large mooring shackles that have a keyway and key to lock them on the chain or padeye. Used under buoy shackles.
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What is a BOW or BAIL
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The curved section of a shackle
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What is a PIN used for in shackles
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Inserts into the bow or bail to close opening
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How are small shackles rated? (1 3/4ths and lower)
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By bow diameter
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How are large shackles rated? (2" and up)
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Weight rating (25 ton, 55 ton etc)
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How are the largest shackles for mooring chain Rated?
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These huge rivet pin shackles are measured by bow diameter to fit chain link size
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Never exceed a ________ degree angle when lifting
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120
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the DO's of shackles
(2) |
-Inspect shackle
-Use safety shackle or mouse pin if there is a danger of the pin comming loose |
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the DON'Ts of shackles
(6) |
- use bent cracked or twisted shackle
- replace pin with bolt - allow a bow to suport all the weight (with pin on the side) - allow the shackle to run on the pin - Side load a pin or bow |
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"Never saddle a dead horse" means:
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Put the saddle of the clips on the shanding end of a ware rope, as opposed to the bitter end
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Parts of a WIRE
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Wire
Core Strand |
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Techically, WIRE is a ________
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Machine
"A combination of machanical parts that transmit forces, motion and energy one to another" |
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Define WIRE (as part of a wire rope)
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A single length of metal with a circular cross section that is cold drawn from rod
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Define Core (as part of a wire rope)
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The central member of a wire rope upon which the strands are laid
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Define Strand (as part of a wire rope)
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A symetrically arranged and helically -wound assembly of wires
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Name the 3 types of wire rope cores
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Fiber Cores
Independent Wire Rope Core Strand Core |
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Name the 3 things used to classify Wire Rope
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Number of strands
Number of wires in each strand The diameter of the wire rope at its greatestwidth |
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What is the most common classification of wire rope
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6X19
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The 6 grades of wire rope are
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Traction
mild plow steel plow steel Improved Plow Steel (IPS) Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Extra Extra improved plow steel (EEIPS) |
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If you were looking for FLEXIBILITY in a wire rope, what classification might you choose
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6X37
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If you were looking for ABRASION RESISTANCE in wire rope, what classification might you choose
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6X7
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Wire rope delivered on a reel should be pulled off the reel and onto the drum from the ________ of the reel t the _______ of the drum
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Top, top
or bottom, bottom |
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In order to prolong a wire ropes useful life, you should _________
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lubricate regularly
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Wires on the outside of a bend will placed in _________ while the inside wires will be experiencing __________
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Tension
Compression |
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To calculate SWL on wire rope:
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Take diameter, multiply times its self, multiply times 8. Your answer will be in tons (2000 lbs).
Dia. X Dia. X 8 = Tons |
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The two functions of BLOCKS are
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-Increase load moving or lifting ability
- Change direction of a wire |
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What is the range of pull developed by AIR TUGGERS
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1000 - 10,000
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What do you need to rememebr about Air Tuggers?
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Iron- don't weld to deck
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Name two pros and a con about HYDRAULIC TUGGERS
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- Small like an air tugger
- Produce much higher line pull than air tuggers - Require external hydraulic source to operate |
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Winches can pull
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30,000 to 300,000 lbs
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3 things that specify a winch
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Number of drums
Line pull of bare drum Line speed of bare drum |
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Two power sources for a winch
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-Hydraulic for lighter utility work
- Diesel engine driven for larger tasks |
