Marine Biology Ch 4-6

Front 1

An example of a structural carbohydrate is?

Back 1

Chitin

Front 2

Like complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids are large molecules, but unlike carbohydrates, they contain which of these?

Back 2

Nitrogen

Front 3

An important function of lipids for marine birds is which?

Back 3

Keeping feathers dry

Front 4

The inherited information of an organism is contained in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). True or False

Back 4

False

Front 5

The direct function of genes is to

Back 5

Specify the order of amino acids in one protein.

Front 6

Carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose. This takes place in?

Back 6

In photosynthesis,

Front 7

Because chlorophyll is green, all photosynthetic autotrophs are this color. True or False

Back 7

False

Front 8

Autotrophs have no need of respiration since they obtain energy from nonliving sources. True or false

Back 8

False

Front 9

In the ocean, the most important nutrient is

Back 9

Nitrate

Front 10

Nitrogen (such as NO3-) and phosphorus (PO4-3) compounds are usually the most important nutrients for primary production in the oceans. True or False

Back 10

True

Front 11

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles in eukaryotes that have properties of prokaryotes, suggesting an ancient symbiotic origin. True or False

Back 11

True

Front 12

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a?

Back 12

A cell wall

Front 13

Though diffusion results in a net movement of a substance from an area of high to an area of low concentration, it is based completely on random molecular motions. True or false?

Back 13

True

Front 14

A biologist suspects that a polychaete worm uses active transport to remove a pollutant from its tissues. Evidence for this idea would be which of the following?

Back 14

An increased concentration of the pollutant at the exits of its excretory organs as opposed to inside its tissues

Front 15

In sexual, but not asexual, reproduction what occurs?

Back 15

Meiosis occurs.

Front 16

A sea anemone reproduces by fission. This form of asexual reproduction produces

Back 16

Clones

Front 17

Sexual reproduction usually requires a halving in the number of chromosomes by the process of meiosis. True or False

Back 17

True

Front 18

Sperm and eggs generally have a haploid number of chromosomes. True or false

Back 18

True

Front 19

Two species are considered to be reproductively isolated from each other if they

Back 19

Produce infertile offspring after mating.

Front 20

Strictly speaking, evolution refers to

Back 20

Genetic changes in populations.

Front 21

Natural selection occurs when there are heritable differences among members of a population that lead some members to?

Back 21

reproduce more successfully than others.

Front 22

What is the correct arrangement of biological taxa?

Back 22

Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order

Front 23

Within a taxon, members are thought to share?

Back 23

a common ancestor.

Front 24

Which of these are not included in the Kingdom Protista?
A) Seaweeds
B) Unicellular organisms
C) Fungi
D) Eukaryotic organisms

Back 24

C

Front 25

The Archaea are now considered to be separate from Bacteria because
A) There are differences in their RNA.
B) They have more than one cell.
C) They have mitochondria.
D) They have no metabolism.

Back 25

A

Front 26

In a museum's catalog of specimens, a biologist reads "Echinoidea: Echinidae: Echinus esculentus". She can assume from the label that
A) Someone made a mistake. Only two names should be used.
B) Someone made a mistake. The first three names are identical.
C) Echinoidea is a class and Echinidae is a family.
D) The first two names should be underlined or in italics.

Back 26

C

Front 27

•The basic unit of life is a?

Back 27

Cell

Front 28

A structural carbohydrate in animals is _____ and in plant it is ____.

Back 28

Chitin and Cellulose.

Front 29

• In proteins the subunits are composed of?

Back 29

Amino Acids

Front 30

• Fat oils and waxes are examples of?

Back 30

Lipids

Front 31

• What stores and transmits the basic genetic information of all living things?

Back 31

Nucleic Acids

Front 32

• Most organic molecules belong to what for main groups?

Back 32

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids.

Front 33

• In photosynthesis, algae, plants, and some other organisms capture the suns energy and use it to make _____, a simple sugar some of which is converted into other organic compounds.

Back 33

Glucose

Front 34

• The most common photosynthesis the most common pigment is?

Back 34

Chlorophyll

Front 35

• Photosynthesis produces ____ ____ as a by-product.

Back 35

Oxygen Gas

Front 36

• In photosynthesis, autotrophs capture energy from the sun and store it as chemical energy in simple sugars like glucose. Some of the sugars are broken down in resperation and the energy is stored in?

Back 36

ATP

Front 37

• Some marine organism do not maintain salt and water balance at all; their internal concentration changes as the salinity of the water changes. Such organism are called?

Back 37

Osmoconformers

Front 38

• Martine organisms that control their internal concentrations to avoid osmotic problems are called?

Back 38

Osmoregulators

Front 39

• What cannot regulate body temperature? (Can be endothermic or ectothermic).

Back 39

Poikilotherms

Front 40

• What can regulate body temperature within narrow limits?

Back 40

Homeotherms

Front 41

• What can generate body heat, Endotherms or Ectotherms?

Back 41

Endotherms

Front 42

• What assumes the temperature of the environment, Endotherms or Ectotherms?

Back 42

Ectotherms

Front 43

• What are the smallest and structurally simplest true living organisms and the oldest forms of life on earth?

Back 43

Prokaryotes

Front 44

• What lacks a nucleus and most other membrane bound organelles, Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Back 44

Prokaryotes

Front 45

• The two prokaryotic domains are?

Back 45

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 46

• The three eukaryotes domains are?

Back 46

Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae

Front 47

• What breaks down waste products and dead organic matter and releases nutrients into the environment. They are vital to life on Earth because they ensure the recycling of essential nutrients.

Back 47

Decay Bacteria

Front 48

• Once known as blue-green algae, what are a group of photosynthetic bacteria. They have chlorophyll and most contain a bluish pigment called phycocyanin.

Back 48

Cyanobacteria

Front 49

• What were among the first photosynthetic organisms on earth?

Back 49

Cyanobacteria

Front 50

• Fossil ____, massive calcareous mounds formed by cyanobacteria are know to date back some 3 billion years.

Back 50

Stromatolites

Front 51

• Red tides and harmful algal blooms are caused by?

Back 51

Cyanobacteria that contain red pigment.

Front 52

• Some species use both photosynthesis and eat food like animals. They are called?

Back 52

Protists

Front 53

What are a group of simple mostly aquatic, and mostly photosynthetic organism?

Back 53

Algae

Front 54

• What are unicellular, though many species aggregate into chains or star like groups?

Back 54

Diatoms

Front 55

• Diatoms cells are enclosed by cell walls made largely of?

Back 55

Silica

Front 56

• Diatoms are important producers of?

Back 56

Oxygen and organic carbon

Front 57

• Dead diatoms form huge deposits on the ocean floor called?

Back 57

Diatomaceous Earth

Front 58

• What is mined from the ocean floor and used in products such as filters for swimming pools, for clarifying beer, as temperature and sound insulators, and as mild abrasives in toothpaste.

Back 58

Diatomaceous Earth

Front 59

• What planktonic organism posses two flagella, one wrapped around a groove along the middle of the cell and one trailing free?

Back 59

Dinoflagellates

Front 60

• Dinoflagellates can move in any direction and have a cell wall armored with plates made of?

Back 60

Cellulose

Front 61

• Dinoflagellates are important primary producers of?

Back 61

Planktonic

Front 62

• Some _____ release toxic substances and seafood collected during red tide periods may be poisonous.

Back 62

Dinoflagellates

Front 63

• What do all protozoans have in common?

Back 63

They all have a single cell

Front 64

• Like animals, _____ are heterotrophs and ingest food. Some however, also contain chlorophyll and photosynthesize.

Back 64

Protozoans

Front 65

• What are the most animal like of the protists?

Back 65

Protozoans

Front 66

• The most familiar types of marine algae are those popularly know as?

Back 66

Seaweeds

Front 67

• The complete body of seaweed is known as? The

Back 67

Thallus

Front 68

• The leaf like, flattened portions of the thallus of many seaweeds are known as ____ and are the site of photosynthesis?

Back 68

Blades

Front 69

• Gas filled bladders know as _____ help to float the seaweed and maximize exposure to sunlight.

Back 69

Pneumatocysts

Front 70

• Some seaweeds have a distinct, stem like structure to provide support called the ____ from which the blades originate.

Back 70

Stipe

Front 71

• A structure that looks like roots the ____ (Anchor) attaches the thallus to the bottom.

Back 71

Holdfast

Front 72

• The three types of seaweeds are?

Back 72

Green, Brown and Red Algae

Front 73

• What algae lives mostly in freshwater and is mostly unicellular?

Back 73

Green Algae

Front 74

• What algae have yellow-brown pigments in addition to chlorophyll? They are the most complex seaweeds.

Back 74

Brown algae

Front 75

• What is the most complex and largest of all brown algae?

Back 75

The Kelps

Front 76

• The Sargasso Sea, an area in the Atlantic north of the west indies, takes its name from what brown algae?

Back 76

Sargasso weed

Front 77

• What is the most abundant species of marine algae?

Back 77

Red Algae

Front 78

• What are two important products gained from seaweeds?

Back 78

Algin, phycocolloids, and Carrageenan

Front 79

• What is used as a stabilizer and emulsifier in the manufacture of dairy products such as ice cream, cheese, and toppings?

Back 79

Algin

Front 80

• What is used in food processing to form gels like in spam?

Back 80

Phycocolloids

Front 81

• What is used as an emulsifier and gives body to dairy products?

Back 81

Carrageenan

Front 82

• What are heterotrophs that lack chloroplasts and chlorophyll and cannot perform photosynthesis?

Back 82

Fungi

Front 83

• What are the most important decomposers of dropped mangrove leaves and thus contribute to the recycling of nutrients in mangrove forests?

Back 83

Fungi

Front 84

• Some fungi live in symbiotic associations, mostly with green algae or cyanobacteria, to form unique entities called the?

Back 84

Lichens

Front 85

• In lichens, the long hyphae provide ____, whereas the algae or cyanobacteria provided ____ from photosynthesis.

Back 85

Support, and Food

Front 86

• Marine _____ can be found as thick, dark brown or black patches in the wave splashed zone of exposed rocky shores.

Back 86

Lichens

Front 87

• What looks like grass but is not grass at all?

Back 87

Seagrasses

Front 88

• What are true members of the grass family and are not really a marine species, but rather land plants tolerant of salt?

Back 88

Marsh plants

Front 89

• What are trees and shrubs adapted to live along tropical and subtropical shores around the world?

Back 89

Mangroves

Front 90

• Seaweeds can be distinguished from plants because they lack three types of specialized tissues. They are?

Back 90

Leaves, Stems, and Roots