Marine Bio Lecture

Front 1

Marine biology

Back 1

The study of organisms that live in the ocean.

Front 2

What are the four types of oceanography?

Back 2

Physical, chemical, biological, geological.

Front 3

Physical oceanography

Back 3

The movement of water; waves, currents, tsunamis.

Front 4

Chemical oceanography

Back 4

Chemistry of the ocean; salinity, pH, temperature.

Front 5

biological oceanography

Back 5

Where organisms are found.

Front 6

Geological oceanography

Back 6

Plate tectonics, volcanoes

Front 7

Who is considered to be the first real marine biologist?

Back 7

Aristotle - first to really look at the ocean.

Front 8

Why is James Cook important to the field of marine biology?

Back 8

First captain to have a full-time naturalist on board his ship.

Front 9

Why is Charles Darwin important to marine biology?

Back 9

Describe how atolls were formed.

Front 10

What does sonar stand for?

Back 10

Sound navigation ranging

Front 11

What does ROV stand for?

Back 11

Remote operated vehicles

Front 12

Where does an ROV operate from and what is it used for?

Back 12

Operates from a distance on the surface. Used for rescue scuba divers collect samples.

Front 13

What does AUV stand for?

Back 13

Autonomic operated vehicle

Front 14

Where does an AUV operate from and what is it used for?

Back 14

It is controlled by itself (computer program). Used for taking chemistry data.

Front 15

What is an Aquarius?

Back 15

Underwater lab

Front 16

What are the steps of scientific method?

Back 16

Observation > question > hypothesis > prediction > experiments > results. The scientific method is circular.

Front 17

What was the first voyage done for scientific purposes?

Back 17

Challenger expedition

Front 18

What did the invention Marine Laboratories allow?

Back 18

Allowed us to study marine organisms alive

Front 19

What did the invention of scuba allow us to do?

Back 19

Allowed us to look at organisms in natural habitat

Front 20

Covalent bond

Back 20

Sharing of electrons. Strongest bond.

Front 21

Ionic bond

Back 21

Taking of electrons. Weaker than covalent bonds.

Front 22

Hydrogen bond

Back 22

No movement of electrons. Opposites attract with positive hydrogen. Both strong and weak depends on temperature.

Front 23

Molecules

Back 23

Combination of two or more atoms.

Front 24

Elements

Back 24

Substance composed of a single type of atom.

Front 25

What is the basic unit of matter?

Back 25

Atoms

Front 26

Why is water polar?

Back 26

It shares electrons unequally.

Front 27

The three states of water?

Back 27

Ice, liquid, gas

Front 28

Which state has a strong hydrogen bond?

Back 28

Ice - less dense

Front 29

Which state has the weakest hydrogen bonds?

Back 29

Gas

Front 30

Which state has fluid hydrogen bonds?

Back 30

Liquid - denser than ice

Front 31

Ice state occurs at what degree?

Back 31

0 degrees and below

Front 32

At what degree does liquid state occur?

Back 32

0 degrees to 100 degrees

Front 33

At what degree does the gas state occur?

Back 33

100 degrees and over

Front 34

What is the number of protons and electrons in an element?

Back 34

Its atomic number

Front 35

What are two interesting things about water?

Back 35

High heat capacity, great solvent.

Front 36

What is the amount of heat that must be added to a substance to raise the temperature by a certain degree?

Back 36

Heat capacity

Front 37

Why is water a great solvent?

Back 37

Because its polar

Front 38

What is a solvent?

Back 38

The thing that's doing the dissolving

Front 39

What is the solute?

Back 39

The thing that is being dissolved

Front 40

Ions created form ionic bonds are called?

Back 40

Salts

Front 41

What are the most common types of salts that make up salinity in the ocean?

Back 41

Sodium, chloride

Front 42

What is the salinity of the ocean?

Back 42

35 parts per thousand (0/00)

Front 43

What happens to salt when water freezes or evaporates?

Back 43

It leaves the salt behind

Front 44

Is the temperature of the water the same everywhere?

Back 44

Deep down yes. Up and around the surface no.

Front 45

Is the salinity of the ocean the same everywhere?

Back 45

No

Front 46

Where is the warmest water located?

Back 46

Near or on the equator

Front 47

Where is the coldest water located?

Back 47

In the poles

Front 48

The temperature changes from surface temperature to colder deeper water temperatures is called?

Back 48

Thermocline

Front 49

How do positive ions that make up salt get into the ocean?

Back 49

Positive ions get in through litogenous sediment brought from rivers and streams

Front 50

How do negative ions that make up salt get into the ocean?

Back 50

Negative ions get in through volcanic eruptions and hydrothermal vents.

Front 51

What are the four major building blocks of life?

Back 51

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.

Front 52

Back 52

Glucose

Front 53

List three functions of proteins?

Back 53

Enzymes, hormones, toxins.

Front 54

What is DNA?

Back 54

deoxyribonucleic acid- double stranded

Front 55

What is RNA?

Back 55

Ribonucleic acid - single-stranded

Front 56

what nucleotide bases are found in DNA?

Back 56

AGTC

Front 57

What nucleotide bases are found in RNA?

Back 57

AGUC

Front 58

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

Back 58

Quicken chemical reactions (catalyst)

Front 59

In DNA G matches to? And aA matches to?

Back 59

C and T

Front 60

In RNA A matches to? And G matches to?

Back 60

U and C

Front 61

What is the function of cellulose and what is it found in?

Back 61

Makes up fiber, support cell walls (structure) . Found in plants and algae

Front 62

what is the function of chitin and what is it found in?

Back 62

Support of cell wall (structure) . Found in fungi and arthropods.

Front 63

What is the function of glycogen and what is it found in?

Back 63

Used for energy storage. Found in animals.

Front 64

What is the function of peptidoglycan and what is it found in?

Back 64

Support of cell wall (structure) . Found in bacteria.

Front 65

What is the function of starch and what is it found?

Back 65

Used as a form of energy storage. Found in plants and algae.

Front 66

What is ATP?

Back 66

(Adenosine tri-phosphate) an energy source (eating food makes ATP)

Front 67

What types of organisms do photosynthesis, what are they called?

Back 67

Plants, algae, and bacteria. Autotrophs

Front 68

What organelle in eukaryotes does photosynthesis?

Back 68

Chloroplasts

Front 69

Other organisms that produce energy not using the Sun are called?

Back 69

Chemoautotrophs

Front 70

What types of organisms to cellular respiration?

Back 70

Every living organism does some form

Front 71

What types of organisms only do cellular respiration what are they called?

Back 71

Heterotroph

Front 72

What organelle in eukaryotes does cellular respiration?

Back 72

Mitochondria

Front 73

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

Back 73

Anaerobic, aerobic

Front 74

Anaerobic cellular respiration uses...

Back 74

Oxygen and is very efficient

Front 75

Aerobic cellular respiration uses...

Back 75

Something other than oxygen and is not as efficient

Front 76

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Back 76

Vacuole, chloroplast, & a cell wall

Front 77

What is the characteristics of a prokaryote cell and who has this type of cell?

Back 77

Simple, small, non nucleus, circular DNA. Bacteria and archaea.

Front 78

What are the characteristics of a eukaryote cell and who has this type of cell?

Back 78

Complex, large nucleus, linear DNA, membrane bound organelles. Everything besides bacteria and archaea

Front 79

what is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Back 79

Diffusion

Front 80

What is the movement of water over a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration of solutes to an higher concentration of solutes?

Back 80

Osmosis

Front 81

What does not use energy to move molecules in and out of the cell?

Back 81

Passive transport (Moves with diffusion)

Front 82

What uses energy, ATP, to move molecules in and out of cell?

Back 82

Active transport (Moves against diffusion)

Front 83

What are the two types of osmoregulation found in animals?

Back 83

Osmoconformer, osmoregulators

Front 84

Osmoconformers...

Back 84

Salinity in the body is the same as outside

Front 85

Osmoregulators...

Back 85

Control internal salinity concentrations to be different than outside

Front 86

Ways organisms thermoregulate: ectothermic

Back 86

Can't maintain metabolic heat body temperature imitates external temperature. Body heat generated leaves

Front 87

Ways organisms thermoregulate: endothermic

Back 87

Maintain metabolic heat internal temperature stays warmer than external temperature. Body heat generated stays.

Front 88

Ways organisms thermoregulate: polikilotherm

Back 88

Temperature varies with external temperature

Front 89

Ways organisms thermoregulate: homeotherm

Back 89

Regulate body temperature, does not vary as much as external temperature.

Front 90

Back 90

Know

Front 91

Two types of cell division?

Back 91

Mitosis, meiosis.

Front 92

Two equal daughter cells. Identical to each other and parent cells. Happens everywhere except testes and ovaries.

Back 92

Mitosis

Front 93

4 daughter cells that are not the same genetically. Have genetic info from parent cell. Happens in testes and ovaries.

Back 93

Meiosis

Front 94

Back 94

Know

Front 95

Back 95

Know

Front 96

Back 96

Photosynthesis formula

Front 97

Know how to draw

Back 97

Atomic number, symbol, name, mass.

Front 98

Know how to draw

Back 98

An atom

Front 99

Know how to draw an

Back 99

Electron configuration