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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteria |
- heterotrophic crucial for decomposition - vary with food source (large increase after mass spawning) |
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Filamentous cyanobacteria |
- can be important primary producers - some for nuisance blooms - to much can cause an unhealthy reef - fix nitrogen |
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Fungi |
- lichens found in high intertidal zone (symbiotic with algae) - can infect salt marsh grasses - Aspergillus sydowii: pathogen of caribbean sea fans |
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Benthic Diatoms |
- yellow slime - increase primary production in mangroves - usually pennate with bilateral symmetry - solitary or in chains - photosynthesize |
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Benthic Dinoflagellates |
- benthic and epiphytic (grows on plants) species - Ciguatera toxin producing |
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Macrophytes |
- sea weeds (protists) - flowering plants - primary production in shallow coastal areas - important habitats |
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Seaweeds |
- multicellular photosynthetic protists - shallow coastal zones, sometimes intertidal - no vascular systems or extensive support - classification based on photosynthetic pigments - take up nutrients by simple diffusion - reproduce sexually and asexually - sometimes float |
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Thallus |
- seaweed body usually composed of photosynthetic cells - flattened: frond or blade (increases surface area) |
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Holdfast |
- where thallus attaches to benthos |
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Stipe |
- stem like region between bottom blade and holdfast |
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Air bladder |
- helps some seaweeds float |
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Fragmentation |
- asexual reproduction where thallus breaks into pieces that grow into new algae |
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Sporic Life Cycle |
- haploid spores from sporangium-> grow into haploid gametophytes -> haploid gametes from gametangium fuse -> diploid zygote -> germination -> diploid sporophyte -> haploid spores |
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Green Algae |
- supergroup: land plants and relatives - phylum: chlorophyta - chlorophylls a & b, carotenoids - storage: starch - cell wall: cellulose - more tropical, have coenocytic thallus (multiple nuclei in cells) - large morphological diversity |
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Red Algae |
- supergroup: land plants and relatives - phylum: rhodophyta - chlorophylls a & d (red color from phycoerythrins) - storage: floridian starch - cell wall: agar, carrageenan, calcium carbonate (coralline reverses herbivory) - highest diversity among algae, found anywhere, mostly in reefs and tide pools - many commercial usages |
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Brown Algae |
- supergroup: stramenopila - phylum: phaeophyta - chlorophylls a & c, olive color from fucoxanthin - storage: laminarin, mannitol - cell wall: alginate - most diverse and abundant in temperate zones - sargassum: float in tropical waters (habitat) - important habitat (kelp forests) |
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Speficics of brown algae |
- bladders: gas filled structures on larger blades to hold thallus up to light - larger, perennial sporophytes - smaller, annual gametophytes - Fucus spp. eliminate gametophyte stage by holding meiosis in receptacles of sporophyte and fertilization occurs in water column - used as food, thickening, iodine, cattle feed |
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Marine flowering plants |
- seagrasses, mangroves, and salt marshes - evolved on land & acquired adaptations - restricted to shallower depths than seaweeds |
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Seagrass |
- hydrophytes, best adapted to marine life - form: stems, roots, blades, inconspicuous flowers, rhizomes - have vascular systems, seeds, pollen - roots anchor into sediments to get nutrients - highly productive on local scale - less digestible than seaweed |
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Seagrass reproduction |
- flowers born on separate plants, male or female - hydrophilous pollination: pollen carried by currents to female pollen receptors - some use fragmentation, drift, and re-root (don't flower) |
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Ecological role of seagrass |
- produce detritus (loss of leaves & fragments) - help deposit and stabilize sediments (blades reduce water velocity, rhizomes and roots stabilize) - important habitat |
