Marieb Chapter 6 "bones And Skeletal Tissues"

Front 1

This increases thickness and remodeling of all bones by osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces

Back 1

Appositional Growth

Front 2

Increases length of long bones

Back 2

Interstitial Growth

Front 3

Cartilage cells undergo mitosis

Back 3

Proliferation Zone

Front 4

Older cartilage cells enlarge

Back 4

Hypertrophic Zone

Front 5

Matrix becomes calcified; cartilage cells die; matrix begins to deteriorate

Back 5

Calcification Zone

Front 6

New bone formation is occurring

Back 6

Ossification Zone

Front 7

Occurs when bone is injured or added strength is needed - requires a good diet. (vitamin c, d a)

Back 7

Increases Bone Deposit

Front 8

Breakdown of bone (with osteoclasts secreting enzymes)

Back 8

Bone Resorption

Front 9

What controls continual remodeling of bone?

Back 9

Hormonal mechanisms, mechanical and gravitational forces.

Front 10

What is calcium necessary for?

Back 10

Transmission or nerve impulses, muscle contraction, blood coagulation, secretion of glands, cell division

Front 11

A bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands on it

Back 11

Wolff's Law

Front 12

If Blood Ca2+ levels drop, what occurs?

Back 12

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) release PTH which stimulate osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+

Front 13

If blood Ca2+ goes up, what occurs?

Back 13

Parafollicular cells of thyroid release calcitonin, osteoblasts deposit calcium salts

Front 14

What supports Wolff's Law for being correct?

Back 14

Righty/lefty becomes thicker. Curved bones are thickest where they may buckle, trabeculae form along stress lines, large bony projections occur where heavy active muscles attach

Front 15

What are the 4 classications that Bone fractures fall under?

Back 15

1. Position (displaced, nondisplaced)
2. Completeness (complete, incomplete)
3. Orientation (linear, transverse)
4. Penetration (compound, simple)

Front 16

All fractures can be described in terms of what?

Back 16

1. Location
2. External Appearance
3. Nature of break

Front 17

Bones fragments that are breaking in 3 or more pieces (often occurring in older)

Back 17

Comminuted Fracture

Front 18

What fracture where bones become crushed because of external force

Back 18

Compression Fracture

Front 19

Fracture that occurs because of twisting forces

Back 19

Spiral Fracture

Front 20

Fracture that occurs on Epiphysis line, (occurs more in children)

Back 20

Epiphyseal Fracture

Front 21

Fracture where broken bone is pressed inwards

Back 21

Depressed Fracture

Front 22

Fracture where bone breaks incompletely, like in a green twig, only one side of shaft breaks the other bends

Back 22

Greenstick Fracture

Front 23

What are the 4 stages in the healing of a bone fracture?

Back 23

1. Hematoma forms (immediate)
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms (1 week)
3. Bony Callus formation (2 months)
4. Bone Remodeling (many months)

Front 24

What homeostatic imbalance causes bowed legs and other bone deformities?

Back 24

Rickets (childhood)

Front 25

Excess of bone resorbtion(bone loss) which outpaces deposit. Spongy bone of spine and neck become susceptible to fracture.

Back 25

Osteoporosis

Front 26

Precursor to Osteoporosis

Back 26

Osteopenia

Front 27

How would u treat/prevent Osteoporosis?

Back 27

Prevent: Calcium, vitamin d, mineral salts, weightlifting, physically active. Women after menopause have increase bone loss. Some drugs: Fosamax, SERMs. Hormone replacement slows bone loss.

Front 28

This disease is an excessive or haphazard bone formation, usually in spine, pelvis, femur, or skull.

Back 28

Paget's Disease (treatment: calcitonin and biphosphates)

Front 29

Developmental Aspects of Bone are?

Back 29

-All bones are ossified by 25
- Bone mass decreases in 40's
- Rate of loss detemined by genetics/environment
- Old age-bone resorbtion predominates

Front 30

What are the components of the axial skeleton?

Back 30

-The skull (8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones)
-Bones associated with the skull (6 auditory ossicles and the hyoid bone)
-The thoracic cage (the sternum and 24 ribs)
-The vertebral column (24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx)

Front 31

What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?

Back 31

consists of 126 bones, including the bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles that attach the limbs to the trunk.