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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This increases thickness and remodeling of all bones by osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces
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Appositional Growth
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Increases length of long bones
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Interstitial Growth
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Cartilage cells undergo mitosis
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Proliferation Zone
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Older cartilage cells enlarge
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Hypertrophic Zone
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Matrix becomes calcified; cartilage cells die; matrix begins to deteriorate
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Calcification Zone
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New bone formation is occurring
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Ossification Zone
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Occurs when bone is injured or added strength is needed - requires a good diet. (vitamin c, d a)
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Increases Bone Deposit
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Breakdown of bone (with osteoclasts secreting enzymes)
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Bone Resorption
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What controls continual remodeling of bone?
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Hormonal mechanisms, mechanical and gravitational forces.
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What is calcium necessary for?
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Transmission or nerve impulses, muscle contraction, blood coagulation, secretion of glands, cell division
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A bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands on it
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Wolff's Law
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If Blood Ca2+ levels drop, what occurs?
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) release PTH which stimulate osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+
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If blood Ca2+ goes up, what occurs?
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Parafollicular cells of thyroid release calcitonin, osteoblasts deposit calcium salts
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What supports Wolff's Law for being correct?
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Righty/lefty becomes thicker. Curved bones are thickest where they may buckle, trabeculae form along stress lines, large bony projections occur where heavy active muscles attach
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What are the 4 classications that Bone fractures fall under?
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1. Position (displaced, nondisplaced)
2. Completeness (complete, incomplete) 3. Orientation (linear, transverse) 4. Penetration (compound, simple) |
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All fractures can be described in terms of what?
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1. Location
2. External Appearance 3. Nature of break |
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Bones fragments that are breaking in 3 or more pieces (often occurring in older)
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Comminuted Fracture
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What fracture where bones become crushed because of external force
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Compression Fracture
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Fracture that occurs because of twisting forces
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Spiral Fracture
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Fracture that occurs on Epiphysis line, (occurs more in children)
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Epiphyseal Fracture
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Fracture where broken bone is pressed inwards
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Depressed Fracture
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Fracture where bone breaks incompletely, like in a green twig, only one side of shaft breaks the other bends
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Greenstick Fracture
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What are the 4 stages in the healing of a bone fracture?
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1. Hematoma forms (immediate)
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms (1 week) 3. Bony Callus formation (2 months) 4. Bone Remodeling (many months) |
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What homeostatic imbalance causes bowed legs and other bone deformities?
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Rickets (childhood)
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Excess of bone resorbtion(bone loss) which outpaces deposit. Spongy bone of spine and neck become susceptible to fracture.
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Osteoporosis
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Precursor to Osteoporosis
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Osteopenia
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How would u treat/prevent Osteoporosis?
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Prevent: Calcium, vitamin d, mineral salts, weightlifting, physically active. Women after menopause have increase bone loss. Some drugs: Fosamax, SERMs. Hormone replacement slows bone loss.
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This disease is an excessive or haphazard bone formation, usually in spine, pelvis, femur, or skull.
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Paget's Disease (treatment: calcitonin and biphosphates)
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Developmental Aspects of Bone are?
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-All bones are ossified by 25
- Bone mass decreases in 40's - Rate of loss detemined by genetics/environment - Old age-bone resorbtion predominates |
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What are the components of the axial skeleton?
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-The skull (8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones)
-Bones associated with the skull (6 auditory ossicles and the hyoid bone) -The thoracic cage (the sternum and 24 ribs) -The vertebral column (24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx) |
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What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?
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consists of 126 bones, including the bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles that attach the limbs to the trunk.
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