Marieb Chapter 1 "the Human Body"

Front 1

Define what Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy is?

Back 1

study of large body structures.
Made up of:
- regional
- surface
- systemic anatomy

Front 2

This study includes cytology and histology.

Back 2

Microscopic anatomy

Front 3

What is the study of the formation of the newborn?

Back 3

Embryology

Front 4

What is the study of biology at the smallest level?

Back 4

Molecular biology

Front 5

Regional, Surface and Systemic anatomy are all part of what?

Back 5

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

Front 6

Embryology is part of what subset of anatomy?

Back 6

Developmental Anatomy

Front 7

What are examples of 2 Physiology subdivisions?

Back 7

Renal or Cardiovascular

Front 8

Describe what happens on a chemical level briefly.

Back 8

Atoms combine to form molecules

Front 9

What are cells made up of?

Back 9

Molecules. (ie. smooth muscle cell)

Front 10

What are tissues made up of?

Back 10

Similar types of cells (ie. Blood Vessel)

Front 11

An organ is made up of these.

Back 11

Different types of tissues (ie. heart=organ)

Front 12

What is an organ system made up of? What is an example of an organ system?

Back 12

Consists of different organs working together
Example: cardiovascular system

Front 13

An organism is made up of many of these?

Back 13

Organ systems

Front 14

What system protects and supports body organs, provides a framework the muscles use for movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.

Back 14

Skeletal System

Front 15

This system forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissue from injury. Synthesis Vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc) receptors and sweat and oil glands.

Back 15

Integumentary System

Front 16

This system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expressions. Maintains posture, produces heat.

Back 16

Muscular System

Front 17

Fast-acting control system that responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands

Back 17

Nervous System

Front 18

This system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood.

Back 18

Digestive System

Front 19

This system disposes of debris, houses white blood cells (lymphocytes), immune response.

Back 19

Lymphatic System

Front 20

This system, via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs?

Back 20

Cardiovascular System

Front 21

What system takes in oxygen and eliminates Carbon Dioxide?

Back 21

Respiratory System

Front 22

What are the necessary Life functions?

Back 22

1. maintain boundaries
2.Movement
3.responsiveness
4.digestion/excretion
5.metabolism
6.Reproduction
7.Growth

Front 23

What are the survival needs?

Back 23

1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Normal Body Temp
5. Atmospheric Pressure

Front 24

Give an example of a receptor?

Back 24

Temperature sensitive cells in skin and brain

Front 25

Thermoregulatory center in brain

Back 25

Control Center

Front 26

What is an example of an effector?

Back 26

Sweat Glands

Front 27

What feedback system does this suggest?
1. Receptors sense decreased blood volume
2. Control Center sends ADH (antidiuretic)
3. ADH causes kidneys (effectors) to return more water to the blood.

Back 27

Negative Feedback

Front 28

This feedback exhibits a cascade or amplifying effect.
EXAMPLES:
1. Contractions in labor
2. Blood clotting (attract more platelets)

Back 28

Positive feedback

Front 29

Toward the head (closer to)

Back 29

Superior (cranial)
1. The knee is superior to the foot

Front 30

Means away from the head, or just away from?

Back 30

Inferior (caudal)
1. the foot is inferior to the knee

Front 31

Toward the front of the body

Back 31

Anterior (ventral)
1. Breastbone is anterior to the heart

Front 32

Toward the back of the body

Back 32

Posterior (dorsal)
1. The spinal cord is posterior to the heart

Front 33

Toward or at the midline (on the inner side of)

Back 33

Medial
1. The spinal cord is medial to the arm.

Front 34

Away from midline (outer side of)

Back 34

Lateral
1. The arm is lateral to the spinal cord.

Front 35

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Back 35

Intermediate
1. The scapula (shoulder blade) is intermediate to the arm and the spinal cord.

Front 36

Closer to the origin of the body part (limb)

Back 36

Proximal

Front 37

Farther from the origin of the body part (limb)

Back 37

Distal

Front 38

Toward or at the body surface (more external)

Back 38

Superficial
1. The skin is superficial to the muscle

Front 39

Away from body surface (more internal)

Back 39

Deep
2. The muscle are deep to the skin.

Front 40

Head, neck, and trunk are part of which region?

Back 40

Axial region

Front 41

Limbs are part of this region

Back 41

Appendicular region

Front 42

Divides body VERTICALLY into right and left parts

Back 42

Sagittal Plane

Front 43

Lies on Midline

Back 43

Midsagittal Plane

Front 44

Not on Midline (location)

Back 44

Parasagittal

Front 45

Divides body VERTICALLY into anterior and posterior planes parts

Back 45

Frontal Plane

Front 46

Divides body HORIZONTALLY into superior and inferior parts

Back 46

Transverse Plane (produces cross section)

Front 47

What is the term for a cut that is made diagonally?

Back 47

Oblique Section

Front 48

Divides body VERTICALLY into anterior and posterior planes parts

Back 48

Frontal Plane

Front 49

Surrounds thoracic organs, contains pericardial cavity

Back 49

Mediastinum

Front 50

What cavity encloses the heart?

Back 50

Pericardial Cavity

Front 51

Divides body HORIZONTALLY into superior and inferior parts

Back 51

Transverse Plane (produces cross section)

Front 52

This cavity contains Stomach, spleen, intestines, and liver.

Back 52

Abdominal Cavity

Front 53

The medical term used to cut someone/thing diagonally.

Back 53

Oblique Section

Front 54

This cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.

Back 54

Pelvic Cavity

Front 55

This cavity houses internal organs, thoracic cavity, and abdominal cavity?

Back 55

Ventral Cavity

Front 56

Surrounds thoracic organs, contains pericardial cavity

Back 56

Mediastinum

Front 57

This cavity encloses the heart

Back 57

Pericardial Cavity

Front 58

This cavity protects the nervous system

Back 58

Dorsal Cavity

Front 59

Double-walled sac that contains the heart

Back 59

Pericardium

Front 60

What are the two layers to the pericardial sac?

Back 60

1. Serous pericardium
2. fibrous pericardium

Front 61

The serous pericardium is divided into which two layers?

Back 61

1. parietal pericardium
2. visceral pericardium

Front 62

What are the regions of the stomach?

Back 62

UPPER:: 1. Right Hypochondriac (liver) 2. Epigastric (stomach)3. Left Hypochondriac
MIDDLE: 1. Right Lumbar 2. Umbilical (small intestine)3. Left Lumbar
LOWER: 1. Right Inguinal (appendix) 2. Hypogastric (urinary bladder)3. Left Inguinal
To remember:
TOP: Hypochondriac - Epigastric
MID: Lumbar - Umbilical
BOT: Inguinal - Hypogastric