Margaret Sanger (1883-1966)

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American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's

Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

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Margaret Sanger (1883-1966)

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promoted "social psychology," citizens should actively try to cure social ills rather than sit passively and wait for corrections.

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Edward Ross (1866-1951)

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economic theory should reflect social conditions, and believed that the government should act to regulate the economy to prevent social injustice.

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Richard Ely

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Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office.

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Initiative, referendum, recall

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An election where people directly elect their party's candidates for office

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Direct Primary

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16 income tax; 17 elect senators to the people; 18 prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages; 19 women the right to vote

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Amendment 16 - 19

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regulation of public utilities. He was Secretary of State under Harding and later became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

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Charles Evans Hughes (1862-1948)

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died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground

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Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

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work for prohibition. Later joined with the WCTU to publicize the effects of drinking.

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Anti-Saloon League

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Roosevelt used this term to declare that he would use his powers as president to safeguard the rights of the workers.

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Square Deal

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federal money to develop the west

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Newlands Reclamation Act, 1902

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First national forest conservation policy

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Forest Reserve Act, 1891

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by coal miners. Baer led the miner's union

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Anthracite Coal Strike, 1902, George F. Baer

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strengthened earlier federal legislation that outlawed preferential pricing through rebates

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Elkins Act, 1903, rebates

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control over railroads and expanded powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission;set maximum rates

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Hepburn Act, 1906

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ICC the power to prosecute its own inquiries into violations of its regulations

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Mann-Elkins Act, 1910

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Nicknamed for Teddy Roosevelt, dissolve trusts through antitrust laws

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"Trustbuster"

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Supreme Court ordered this company to dissolve because it was a trust

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Northern Securities Company case

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rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products

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Meat Inspection Act

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the horrors of food productions

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Upton Sinclair, The Jungle

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Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs; ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs

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Pure Food and Drug Act

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study the nation's natural resources and how to conserve them

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Conservation Conference, 1908

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mistrust for and lowered confidence in bankers

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Panic of 1907

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Taft**, Republican, Byran, Democrat

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Election of 1908

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Republican senator and businessman, he was Republican campaign manager

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Mark Hanna (1839-1904)

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Increased industrial output by rationalizing and refining the production process

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Scientific Management, Frederick W. Taylor

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reform ideas of the Progressive era came out of Wisconsin

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Wisconsin, "Laboratory of Democracy"

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believed in libertarian reforms, he was a major leader of the Progressive movement WISCONSIN

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Robert M. LaFollette (1855-1925)

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set safety standards and to enforce fair practices of business competition

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Regulatory commissions

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National Consumer's League, legislation to protect consumers from big business.

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Florence Kelley, consumerism

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people of a city should decide how the city is run

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Home Rule for cities

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Mayors for social reform, they wanted a reform of values over more legislation

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Tom Johnson, Sam (Golden Rule) Jones, Brand Witlock, Hazen Pingree

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break up political machines and replace traditional political management of cities with planners and managers

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City Manager Plan, Commission Plan

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27th President (1908-1912), he was the only man to serve as both President of the U.S. and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

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William Howard Taft

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1903 as the Department of Commerce and Labor, it was combined with the Bureau of Corporations in 1913 to create the Department of Labor

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Department of Labor

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it lowered tax rates to 38%

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Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909

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fought over conservation efforts and how much effort and money should be put into conserving national resources;Pinchot accused Ballinger abandoning federal conservation policy. Taft sided with Ballinger and fired Pinchot.

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Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy

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Speaker of the House, he could make or break legislation form 1903 to 1910

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Uncle Joe Cannon (1836-1926), Old Guard

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helped lead the rules change of 1910 which ended the arbitrary power of the Speaker;an isolationist who tried to keep the U.S. out of WW I.

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Senator George Norris (1861-1944)

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allowed restrictions on competition through the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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Rule of Reason: Standard Oil case, American Tobacco case

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meant to avoid military intervention by giving foreign countries monetary aid

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"Dollar Diplomacy"

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Developed dollar diplomacy with Taft

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Secretary of State Knox (1853-1920

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build a railroad to transport American products into China; to corner the China market.

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Manchurian Railroad Scheme

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speech given in Kansas on his Square Deal and "Big Stick" foreign policy

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Roosevelt's Osawatomie, Kansas speech

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Roosevelt believed in breaking up "bad" trusts while allowing "good" trusts to continue. Taft opposed all trusts

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Taft-Roosevelt split

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Roosevelt's party in the 1912 election. He ran as a Progressive against Republican Taft

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Bull Moose Party

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believed that monopolies had to be broken up and that the government must regulate business

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Woodrow Wilson, New Freedom

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government authority would be balanced and coordinate economic activity

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Theodore Roosevelt, New Nationalism

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government authority being used to balance economic activity

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Herbert Croly, The Promise of American Life

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Wilson, Democrat beat Roosevelt, Progressive (Bull Moose); economy and growing conflict in Europe

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Election of 1912