Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Abraham
|
the father of all religion- father of Ishmael and Isaac
|
|
|
Moses
|
received the 10 commandments from God on Mt. Sinai
|
|
|
Theodore Herzl
|
The father of Zionism- wrote "On the Jewish State"
|
|
|
David Ben Gurion
|
the first prime minister of Israel who announced Israel's independence on May 14, 1948
|
|
|
Yitzak Rabin
|
Israeli prime minister who was assassinated for betrayal because he offered the Palestinians some land. He was part of the Labor party.
|
|
|
Ehud Olmert
|
current Israeli prime minister
|
|
|
Yasir Arafat
|
head of PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) who was involved in the Oslo Agreement and Camp David 2
|
|
|
Anwar Sadat
|
president of Egypt who entered the Camp David Accords in 1979 with Menechem Begin and received the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for peace. He was assassinated for betraying Egypt (an Arab country) by making peace with Israel (a Jewish country).
|
|
|
Saddam Hussein
|
the dictator of Iraq. A secular Sunni in a majority Shiite country. Invaded Iran and Kuwait. Was supported by the US in their war against Iran, but was later overthrown by the US.
|
|
|
Mohammad Mossadegh
|
president of Iran who the US thought was headed to communism. The US overthrew him, but later realized it was a mistake because he was the only democracy Iran ever had.
|
|
|
Ayatollah Khomeini
|
Overthrew the Shah. Imposed many rules on the Iranians. Started a Sharia. People did not really like his ideas, they just wanted someone different to be the ruler of their country.
|
|
|
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
|
Iranian president who denies that the Holocaust ever happened, says Israel should be wiped off the face of the earth, and despises America.
|
|
|
Richard Nixon
|
US president who, with Henry Kissinger, helped Golda Meir (prime minister of Israel) to fight back against the Arabs during the Yom Kippur war.
|
|
|
George H.W. Bush
|
the father of George W. Bush who made the decision to remove Iraq from Kuwait, but did not decide to remove Hussein from power.
|
|
|
George W. Bush
|
the son of George H.W. Bush who, despite his father's decision, decided to remove Hussein from power.
|
|
|
Isaac
|
the son of Abraham who became the father of Judaism.
|
|
|
Mohammad
|
the prophet of Islam who made a pilgrimage to Medina and was born in Mecca. Muslims believe that he is God's prophet, but do not believe that he is God.
|
|
|
Golda Meir
|
prime minister of Israel who had two legacies. 1) the fact that she was unprepared for the attack by the Arabs in the Yom Kippur War, and 2) the fact that she refused to use nuclear weapons against the Arabs during the Yom Kippur War. In order to get the US to help her, she mounted missiles that could hold nuclear warheads, knowing that the US would come and stop her and help her.
|
|
|
Benjamin Netanyahu
|
member of Likud party. Was elected after Rabin was assassinated because of the Hamas suicide bombers.The Israeli people realized that carrots would not work against these madmen, and that they needed a Likud leader who would use sticks.
|
|
|
Nouri al-Maliki
|
the current prime minister of Iraq
|
|
|
Shah Mohammad Reza
|
horrible dictator of Iran who ruled after the US overthrew Mossadegh. He started Savak, a secret agency that tortured and killed any dissenters of the Shah (many many innocent people) and took away the rights of his people.
|
|
|
Ayatollah Khameini
|
the biggest leader of Iran because he is the spiritual leader. He is Khomeini's successor.
|
|
|
Jimmy Carter
|
Made the Camp David accords happen with Sadat and Begin.
|
|
|
Bill Clinton
|
Made the Oslo Agreement and the Camp David Accords 2 happen with Rabin and Arafat, and Barak and Arafat. Both of these plans failed.
|
|
|
Henry Kissinger
|
the Secretary of State for Nixon who helped with the Yom Kippur War situation. (see Golda Meir and Nixon cards)
|
|
|
Temple Mount
|
the remains of the great Jewish Temple that was built by Solomon, but destroyed by the Romans. It is located in Old City Jerusalem. The Western Wall is the only remaining part of the temple, and the Dome of the Rock, the thrid holiest site for Muslims, is located on top of it. It is believed that the Messiah will return when the Dome of the Rock is removed from Temple Mount, but this cannot be done without starting a HUGE war between the Jews and Muslims.
|
|
|
Sharia
|
a theocracy based on Islam
|
|
|
Bible
|
the Christians' holy book containing the Old Testament (the Torah/Tanak) and the New Testament (the writings about Jesus)
|
|
|
Kabaa
|
the black box containing a holy rock located in the mosque in Mecca. The holiest site for Muslims.
|
|
|
Jewish Temple
|
built by Solomon and destroyed by the Romans. All that remains today is the Western Wall, which is the holiest site for Jews.
|
|
|
Church of the Holy Sepulcher
|
the holiest site for Christians. The site where Jesus was killed and resurrected. Located in Old City Jerusalem
|
|
|
Theocracy
|
a government based on religion
|
|
|
Torah
|
the holy book of the Jews, also called the Tanak
|
|
|
Western Wall
|
the remaining part of the Temple. the holiest site for Jews. Also called the Wailing Wall
|
|
|
Secular
|
a separation of church and state
|
|
|
Old Testament
|
the Torah/Tanak. the 1st part of the Bible
|
|
|
Dome of the Rock
|
the 3rd holiest site for Muslims which is located on top of the Temple Mount in Old City Jerusalem. is the site where the Prophet Mohammad took a midnight flight to heaven
|
|
|
Mosque
|
praying place for Muslims. Similar to a church or temple
|
|
|
Koran
|
also called the Qoran. the holy book of the Muslims
|
|
|
New Testament
|
the 2nd part of the Bible. writings about Jesus
|
|
|
UN Partition Plan
|
in 1947- the UN issued a plan that split up the Israel/Palestine territory into: he Palestinians would receive three parts, the Israelis would receive three parts, and there would be one international part. This plan did not work.
|
|
|
War for Independence
|
in 1948- David Ben Gurion declared Israeli independence- based on the UN Partition Plan. He fought the Arabs (Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq) and won 78% of the land.
|
|
|
6 Day War
|
in 1967- Israel became arrogant and cocky because they won Gaza, Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, and Golan Heights (the 4 occupied territories)
|
|
|
Yom Kippur War
|
in 1973- the Arabs fought back unexpectedly. (Golda Meir's two legacies, see Meir card). Israel was not arrogant anymore after this war, but got American help (using the missiles, see Meir card). Lost the 4 Occupied Territories.
|
|
|
Intifada
|
uprising by the Palestinians against the Israelis
|
|
|
Hamas
|
a Palestinian terrorist group in the Gaza Strip who rules the strip. They use suicide bombers and missiles to try to fight back against the Israelis.
|
|
|
Camp David Accords
|
in 1979- Jimmy Carter organized an agreement of peace between Egypt and Israel. Menechem Begin agreed to give Anwar Sadat the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for peace. LAND FOR PEACE- the accords worked and Egypt and Israel are still at peace today.
|
|
|
Oslo Agreement
|
in 1993- Clinton tried to organize an agreement between Yitzak Rabin and Yasir Arafat. LAND FOR PEACE II. The plan envisioned an eventual Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This plan would have worked, but Rabin was assassinate, Arafat did not keep up his side of the deal, and the Hamas suicide bombings led to the election of a Likud.
|
|
|
Camp David 2
|
in 2000- Clinton tried to organize another agreement between Ehud Barak and Yasir Arafat. The plan seemed like it was going to work, but then Barak pulled out a map showing a Palestinian state as unconnected pieces of land surrounded by Israeli settlements. Because of this, Arafat walked away from the deal.
|
|
|
Labor Party
|
one of the Israeli political parties. carrots
|
|
|
Likud Party
|
one of the Israeli political parties. sticks.
|
|
|
UN Resolution 242
|
a UN resolution which required Israel to withdraw its troops from the West Bank and Gaza Strip, but they refused.
|
|
|
Settlements
|
Israeli settlements in the West Bank which prevent Palestinians from living there.
|
|
|
Refugees
|
Palestinians who left their homes in search for safety, and want a right of return now.
|
|
|
Security Fence
|
Israeli settlements building all along the border of the West Bank, trying to stop Palestinians from settling there.
|
|
|
Diaspora
|
70 C.E..- the Temple was destroyed by the Romans and the Jews fled all over the world
|
|
|
"The Jewish State"
|
a book written by Theodore Herzl about Zionism
|
|
|
Balfour Declaration
|
a document from the British granting the Jews a piece of land in the Middle East. Asked the Jews not to disturb the peace of the Palestinians already living there, which the Jews did anyway.
|
|
|
Holocaust
|
the mass killing of Jews by the Nazis
|
|
|
Sunni
|
believe that the heir to the throne of the caliph should be qualifed for the job. Every Muslim country except for Iraq and Iran is majority Sunni.
|
|
|
Shiite
|
Believe that the heir to the throne of the caliph should be related to the previous caliph. Only Iraq and Iran are majority Shiite.
|
|
|
Kurd
|
the largest ethnic group in the world that does not have their own country
|
|
|
Savak
|
the agency set up by the Shah to eliminate dissenters of the Shah. Savak killed and tortured many innocent people
|
|
|
1953 Coup
|
Roosevelt led this coup to overthrow Mossadegh from power in Iran. Although he succeeded in overthrowing Mossadegh, he failed also because the coup led to many wars including the Gulf War, the Iraq-Iran war, and the current war between US and Iraq
|
|
|
1979 Revolution
|
the overthrowing of the Shah by Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran
|
|
|
Iran-Iraq war
|
the war between Iran and Iraq because Hussein was afraid that the revolution in Iran would spread to his country and he would be overthrown.
|
|
|
Gulf War I
|
Iraq invaded Kuwait because they needed more money. They knew that Kuwait was weaker than they were, and they used the "excuse" that Kuwait was taking more of their shared oil than they were supposed to. the US eventually had to go into Kuwait and remove the Iraqis
|
|
|
Gulf War 2
|
the current war between US and Iraq. The US thought that Iraq had WMDs, so they invaded.
|
|
|
Uranium enrichment
|
the process of taking natural uranium and enriching it so that it can be used to make weapons of mass destruction
|
|
|
Hostage crisis
|
Iraqis took 52 Americans hostage
|
|
|
Arabic
|
the language of the Arabs. All Muslim countries except for Iran speak it.
|
|
|
Persian
|
the ethnicity of the Iranians. They are the only non-Arab country that is Muslim.
|
|
|
ICBM
|
inter-continental ballistic missiles- long-range missiles
|
|
|
Sanction
|
something that gives binding force, as to an oath, rule of conduct, etc
|
|
|
Cold War
|
there was never actually any fighting in the Cold War- it was just a cold tension between the capitalist and communist countries
|
|
|
Mujuhadeen
|
a military force of Muslim guerilla warriors engaged in a jihad; "some call the mujahidin international warriors but others just call them terrorists"
|
