March 3Rd Material Continued

Front 1

The seed coat comes from the ______

Back 1

Parent sporophyte

Front 2

The Embryo comes from the union of ____ and _____

Back 2

Sperm and egg

Front 3

Therefore every pine seed has contributions from two____ ______

Back 3

sporophyte generations

Front 4

pine seeds have contributions from one ____ generation in the form of _____

Back 4

Gametophyte....nutritive tissue

Front 5

A pine embryo's root-shoot axis is covered by several seed leaves, also called___

Back 5

Cotyledons

Front 6

Pine seeds are dispersed in the ____ of the second year after cone appearance and pollination

Back 6

Fall

Front 7

Seeds are released when the woody scales of the ______ ______ open

Back 7

seed cones

Front 8

Most pine species have _____ on the seeds

Back 8

wings

Front 9

Some pines have large, wingless seeds such as ______ pines

Back 9

Pinon

Front 10

Wingless seeds are usually dispersed by ____

Back 10

Birds

Front 11

_______ pines have a life cycle linked with fire

Back 11

serotinous

Front 12

Seed cones must be scorched before they will ____

Back 12

open

Front 13

Serotinous pine seeds establish on the ____ after a fire

Back 13

Ashes

Front 14

Native Americans used fire for ___

Back 14

Clearing land

Front 15

White pine has leaves in bunches of ____, which is the only pine east of the Mississippi to have this

Back 15

five

Front 16

White pine was the money tree for Great Britain, and in the 1700s they fought for control of their new England colonies' white pines. They wanted them for _____

Back 16

Naval ships

Front 17

the British fought the French for control of North America for these trees in the ______ ___ ______ ____.

Back 17

French and Indian War

Front 18

Five genera of the Pine family (Pinophyta):

Back 18

•Spruce

•Fir

•EasternHemlock

•Larch

•Cedars

Front 19

Needles stiff, pointed, angled. Shaped like an awl.

Back 19

Spruce (Picea) needles

Front 20

Small wooden pegs at the base of spruce needles:

Back 20

Sterigma

Front 21

Spruce trees are also called ________

Back 21

He-balsams

Front 22

Spruce cones hang downwards, and are ______

Back 22

membranous

Front 23

Used for airplanes and sounding boards for violins: ______

Back 23

Spruce wood

Front 24

soft and flat needles with rounded tips:

Back 24

Fir needles

Front 25

Fir (Abies) needles do not attach to the _____ with small wooden pegs.

Back 25

stem

Front 26

Firs are also known as ________

Back 26

She-balsams

Front 27

Because unlike spruce trees, they have bubbles of _____ which form on their surface. they "give milk"

Back 27

resin

Front 28

Fir seed cones stand upright, above the branches.

Back 28

Neat!

Front 29

Balsam woolly adelgid are _____ eaters who attack firs.

Back 29

sap

Front 30

Needles are small, flat, soft with rounded tips.

Back 30

Eastern hemlocks.

Front 31

Needles arise from wooden pegs called ____

Back 31

sterigma

Front 32

Hemlock (Tsuga) seed cones are small, _______ and hang beneath the branches

Back 32

woody

Front 33

Bark used for _______ ________.

Back 33

tanning leather

Front 34

Hemlock woolly adelgid is attacking these trees, came to America from ______.

Back 34

Asia

Front 35

Feed on hemlock _______, so trees of any age can be attacked.

Back 35

needles

Front 36

Hemlocks grow along _________ and provide shade for streams--- this regulates temperature.

Back 36

riverbanks

Front 37

Believed to be critical to _______ trout.

Back 37

speckled

Front 38

The Larch (Larix) is also known as the _____

Back 38

Tamarack

Front 39

Larch pollen cones are small, _______, and produced upright on the branches

Back 39

soft

Front 40

Seed cones are small, ______, and produced upright

Back 40

woody

Front 41

leaves are widely spaced on ____ _____

Back 41

long shoots

Front 42

Short shoots as well, on which leaves are ______ _____.

Back 42

tightly clustered

Front 43

Larch leaves are soft, with a _____ tip

Back 43

rounded

Front 44

Larch needles turn ______ in the fall and then drop

Back 44

yellow

Front 45

Cedars (Cedrus): leaves are ____

Back 45

evergreen

Front 46

Have long shoots with ____ spaced leaves and short shoots with _______ clustered leaves.

Back 46

Widely.....closely

Front 47

(cedar) Pollen cones are small, soft and produced ______ on the branches.

Back 47

upright

Front 48

Cedar seed cones are ____, _____, and produced upright.

Back 48

large, woody

Front 49

Cedars have been important timber trees for ______ and the ______ ______.

Back 49

India, Middle East

Front 50

Four other Pinophyta families:

Back 50

•Yews

•Araucarias

•Cypresses

•BaldCypresses

Front 51

Yews (Taxus) are important ____ trees.

Back 51

timber

Front 52

Yews have solitary ______ that occur at the tips of some branches.

Back 52

ovules

Front 53

Pollen is produced in very small____

Back 53

cones

Front 54

seeds are carried in a fleshy outgrowth of the seed-coat, called an _____

Back 54

aril

Front 55

Heartwood has ______ strength, sapwood has _______ strength (sapwood is flexible).

Back 55

crushing, tensile

Front 56

________ is filled with gums and resins as the tree ages.

Back 56

Heartwood

Front 57

Heartwood has a rich fragrance and color, and provides internal strength. It doesn't conduct ______.

Back 57

water

Front 58

______ is lighter in color and conducts water.

Back 58

Sapwood

Front 59

Yew is the source of "taxol," proven to treat ______ _______.

Back 59

ovarian cancer

Front 60

__________ trees were widely spread in the Triassic and cretaceous

Back 60

Araucaria

Front 61

Araucaria trees also called _____ ______ trees.

Back 61

monkey puzzle

Front 62

Pollen cones are long, soft, and hang down. The seed cones are ____, _______ and are produced ______.

Back 62

long, woody, upright

Front 63

Thick, sharp tipped, overlapping leaves. That's why it was a puzzle that _______ could climb on them.

Back 63

monkehs

Front 64

Cypress family (Juniperus)

Back 64

Eastern red cedar

Front 65

Eastern red cedar love ________ _______ and thin soil over limestone.

Back 65

overgrazed pastures

Front 66

Eastern red cedar leaves are ______ and ______.

Back 66

small, scalelike

Front 67

normally dioecious - some trees produce _____ and some produce____.

Back 67

Seeds, pollen

Front 68

_______ cones are small and soft.

Back 68

Pollen

Front 69

Seeds are produced in ______ which have the same developmental structure as pine cones.

Back 69

Berries

Front 70

these berries are formed when the fleshy _____ of very young cones grow together.

Back 70

scales

Front 71

Eastern red cedar heartwood repels_____

Back 71

moths

Front 72

Juniper ______ are used to flavor gin

Back 72

berries

Front 73

Bald cypress family consists of widely scattered species. (Taxodium) are large trees common in ______ in the Southern US

Back 73

swamps

Front 74

Bald cypress have compound leaves which are _____ and _____.

Back 74

soft and feathery

Front 75

Bald cypress leaves turn brown every autumn and fall off, they are _______.

Back 75

deciduous

Front 76

Bald cypress produces seeds in _____,______ cones.

Back 76

round, woody

Front 77

Numerous, small pollen cones are called ____

Back 77

catkins

Front 78

Wood is extremely durable, valuable ____ wood

Back 78

timber

Front 79

Redwoods are bald cypresses and are the _____ trees in the world

Back 79

largest

Front 80

Dawn redwood have feathery, soft leaves. they lose these each autumn - _______ trees

Back 80

duress

Front 81

Dawn redwoods were believed to be ______ until 1941

Back 81

extinct