Map Vocabulary

Front 1

affixes

Back 1

the sounds or letters attached to a base word
ex: prefixes and suffixes

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alliteration

Back 2

repetition of the initial consonant sounds in stressed syllables or words in sequence

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analogy

Back 3

an expression showing similarities between things

thermometer is to temperature as odometer is to distance
It is written A:B :: C:D, "A is to B as C is to D."

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analyze

Back 4

to examine meaning by breaking down into smaller parts

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author's purpose

Back 5

the author's intent or reason for writing

IPEE: inform, persuade, explain, or express

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audience

Back 6

a specific reader
-a writer should consider who their audience is

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base word

Back 7

the basic part of a word that usually carries the main component of meaning and cannot be further analyzed without the lost of identity
ex: "teach" in "re-teach"

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bias

Back 8

beliefs that influence what you do and say

a mental leaning, inclination, or prejudice

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cause and effect

Back 9

the cause is the reason;
the effect is the result

a connection or relationship between a precipitating event or reason, and its effect or results (A cause makes something occur; an effect is the outcome of the cause.)

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character traits

Back 10

words that describe a character

authors develop characterization by describing various aspects of the character: physical appearance; personality; speech; behaviors/actions; thoughts and/feelings; interactions with other characters

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citation

Back 11

the note that explains where the author got their information

method of acknowledgment of source material used by an author

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dictionary

Back 12

where you look up word meaning and spelling

a reference material that gives definitions/meanings of words along with their parts of speech, syllables, and pronunciation

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thesaurus

Back 13

reference material that provides synonyms and antonyms for a word

*great for finding stronger words in our writing so we don't repeat boring words over and over

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glossary

Back 14

a small dictionary at the back of a book or story

a list at the back of a book, explaining or defining difficult or unusual words and expressions used in the text

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colloquialism

Back 15

slang

a common word or phrase that is used in everyday speech; (may be specific to a geographic region); authors use colloquialism to develop characterization
ex: "W 'a's up?" pr "What's happening'?" are colloquialisms for "How are you?"

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compare

Back 16

writing to tell how things are alike

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concluding sentence

Back 17

closing/ending sentence;
after all the details have been included in the body of the paragraph

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conflict

Back 18

problem/struggle in the story

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external conflict

Back 19

a struggle between a character and an outside force
-person versus person
-person versus nature

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internal conflict

Back 20

a struggle within a character
-person versus self

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connotation

Back 21

the attitude and emotional feelings associated with a word or idea

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denotation

Back 22

dictionary definition

a word's literal meaning

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context clues

Back 23

using information from the surrounding words, illustrations, or sentences that helps give meaning to a specific word or phrase

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contrast

Back 24

to explain how things are different

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capitalization

Back 25

using upper case letters

proper nouns; beginning of sentences; etc.

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punctuation

Back 26

periods, colons, semicolons, exclamation points

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culture

Back 27

the customary belief and social norms of a group; the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and though characteristic of a community or population

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dialect

Back 28

language spoken by the people of a particular place, time, or social group

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draft

Back 29

writing ideas in a rough, unpolished form;

the first version of a piece of writing

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draw conclusions

Back 30

use of facts and inferences to make a judgment or decision

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evaluate

Back 31

to judge

to make a judgment of quality based on evidence

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expository text

Back 32

non fiction writing

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fiction

Back 33

a made-up story

imaginative narrative in any form of presentation that is designed to entertain

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figurative language

Back 34

writing that means something more than what it says

language which makes use of certain literary devices or literary techniques often called "figures of speech" in which something other than the literal meaning is implied

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foreshadowing

Back 35

hints or clues about future events

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flashback

Back 36

jumping out of the story and back in time to another part of the story

the opposite of literary device in which the author presents information that happened in an earlier time before the events currently taking place

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fragment

Back 37

a word or phrase that does not express a complete thought

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genre

Back 38

categories used to classify literature
ex: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, drama

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graphic organizer

Back 39

a visual device for organizing information
ex: chart, diagram, graph

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outline

Back 40

a shortened, visual summary

a graphic organizer that organizes information into topics and subtopics with related details; topic outlines use words or phrases to describe key information; sentence outlines use complete sentences to list major points and supporting details

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Venn diagram

Back 41

diagram used to compare and contrast

graphic organizer that uses two overlapping circles to express similarities and differences in two things

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historic time frame

Back 42

a time period in history

the era in which the plot is set; the cultural era in which the author wrote the literature

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hyperbole

Back 43

exaggerating to make a point

figurative language in which exaggeration is used to convey meaning

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imagery

Back 44

language so descriptive everyone gets the same picture in their head

figurative language that appeals to the five senses; touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight; mental pictures evoked through the use of simile and metaphor; sensory language

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infer

Back 45

educated guess

to draw meaning from a combination of clues in the text without explicit reference to the text

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irony

Back 46

contrast between expectation and reality

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jargon

Back 47

professional language

technical terms, acronyms, and language used by people of the same profession or specialized interest group

Front 48

friendly letter

Back 48

informal or personal letter
5 parts: heading, greeting, body, closing, and signature

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formal business letter

Back 49

a more formal letter
return address, inside address, salutation, body paragraphs, closing, and signature

Front 50

literary devices

Back 50

literary elements; figures of speech

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main idea

Back 51

what the text is mostly about

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media

Back 52

means of communication, including print and visual works, live and television/film/video performances, audio, Internet
(plural of medium)

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metaphor

Back 53

figurative language that makes a direct comparison between two unlike things; a comparison that does NOT use the words "like" or "as"

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mood

Back 54

the atmosphere of the text

the feeling created in the reader, evoked through the language of the text

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narrative

Back 55

writing in story form

type of writing where the author tells about their life

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nonfiction

Back 56

"real"

writing that concerns real events and is intended to explain, inform, persuade or give directions
(ex: autobiography, biography, memoir, essay, workplace communications)

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onomatopoeia

Back 57

a sound device in which the word echoes or suggests its meaning, so that sound and sense are reinforced
(ex: hiss, splash, zap, whoosh, etc.)

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parallel structure

Back 58

parallelism; the deliberate repetition of similar or identical words and phrases in neighboring lines, sentences, or paragraphs

"of the people
by the people
for the people"

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paraphrase

Back 59

telling it in your own words

using one's own words to express the main ideas in what has been read, seen, or heard

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personification

Back 60

giving human characteristics to inanimate ojects

figurative language in which a non-living or non-human thing (animal, plant, object, natural force, emotion, idea) is given with human senses, characteristics, and qualities

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persuasive writing

Back 61

type of writing where the author is trying to convince their audience of something
-often uses opinion words like should

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plagiarism

Back 62

stealing someone else's words or ideas

use of another author's words or ideas as if they are one's own, without citing or giving credit

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plot

Back 63

sequence of events in a story
-exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution

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point of view

Back 64

narrators relationship to the story

the perspective from which a story is told
-first person point of view
-2nd person point of view
-3rd person point of view

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predict

Back 65

to guess future story events

to use context and content clues to anticipate what might happen next

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pre-reading strategies

Back 66

things you do before you read

activities that take place before reading to access prior knowledge, preview text, assist the reader in predicting the text's topic or main idea and set a purpose for reading

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propaganda techniques

Back 67

methods used to make arguments more persuasive

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purpose

Back 68

reason for writing

IPEE, writing to inform, persuade, entertain or express

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reflect

Back 69

why you write

to think about and write or speak one's views in response to a text or presentation

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retell

Back 70

tell it again

to give an oral or written description of a story after reading or hearing the text aloud; a more detailed account than a summary

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rhyme

Back 71

words with a similar sound at the end

sound device marked by the repetition of identical or similar stressed sounds

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rhythm

Back 72

the beat in writing

a sound device characterized by the musical quality created by a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

Front 73

run-on sentence

Back 73

two or more sentences joined incorrectly

a sentence that contains two simple sentences joined without punctuation or a connecting word

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secondary source

Back 74

getting the story from a source other than a person who was there

documents based on information collected from a primary source; newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias are examples

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sensory details

Back 75

details that appeal to the 5 senses and evoke images of how something looks, sounds, feels, tastes, or smells

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declarative sentence

Back 76

a sentence that informs the reader; punctuated with a period

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exclamatory sentence

Back 77

a sentence expresses strong feelings; punctuated with an exclamation point

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imperative sentence

Back 78

a sentence that commands, gives orders, makes requests; usually punctuated with a period, sometimes with an exclamation point

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interrogative sentence

Back 79

a sentence that asks a question; punctuated with a question mark

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simple sentence

Back 80

a sentence with one subject and one predicate
ex: The dog ate my homework.

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compound sentence

Back 81

the independent clauses joined correctly ", FANBOY" or ";"

two or more coordinate independent clauses, but no dependent clause, as in "George talked, and Harry listened."

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complex sentence

Back 82

one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, as in "I knew when you came in."

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compound-complex sentence

Back 83

compound sentence with one or more dependent clauses as in "Teachers speak and students listen when both are motivated."

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setting

Back 84

"where"
the geographic location and time period of a story

includes the rules of society

Front 85

simile

Back 85

figurative language in which two unlike things are compared using the words "like" or "as"

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slang

Back 86

informal words or phrases used in casual conversation

Front 87

sound device

Back 87

writing that sounds good to the ear

alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia, rhyme, rhythm found in text

Front 88

story elements

Back 88

basic parts of a story: setting, characters, plot, conflict, point of view, and theme

Front 89

style

Back 89

the author's use of language, its effect and appropriateness to the author's purpose and audience

Front 90

subplot

Back 90

a smaller story within the larger story

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summarize

Back 91

when the reader retells the story

to make a brief statement about the essential ideas in a text

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supporting details

Back 92

sentences that support the main idea

examples provided to describe, explain, or reinforce the main idea

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symbolism

Back 93

something you can touch that represents an idea (ex: flag)

an object that holds a figurative meaning as well as its literal meaning; something that stands for something else; a representation of an abstract meaning

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text features

Back 94

the parts of the text that the author wants you to notice

ex: anything in bold, italics, or written large (text organizers)

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theme

Back 95

the underlying or implicit meaning, concept, or message in a text

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thesis statement

Back 96

the controlling idea; a sentence that explicitly states the position of the author or previews the focus of the text

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tone

Back 97

the author's attitude toward the subject, the characters, or the audience

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topic sentence

Back 98

a sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph

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types of writing

Back 99

types of writing
-descriptive writing
-expository writing
-narrative writing
-persuasive writing

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descriptive writing

Back 100

writing that describes;
writing that portrays a character, object, or scene through sensory details/imagery (precise nouns, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives that relate how things look, sound, feel, taste, smell)

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expository writing

Back 101

writing that explains;
writing that presents facts, opinions, definitions of terms, and examples to inform the reader about a specific topic

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narrative writing

Back 102

writing that tells a story;
relates a story or a personal essay (ex: anecdote, autobiography, memoir)

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persuasive writing

Back 103

writing that seeks to influence readers or listeners to agree with a perspective or perform an action (ex: editorials, advertisements, persuasive essays and letters, public service announcements, position papers)

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visualize

Back 104

the process of creating pictures in the readers head

to picture the people, places, and/or actions that an author describes in text; a reading strategy to increase comprehension of text

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voice

Back 105

the author's special way of writing

the distinctive tone or style of a particular writer; a reflection of the personality of the writer