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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Newton's First Law of Motion? |
An object at rest tends to stay at rest unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. Also, an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same direction and speed unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. (For example, planets tend to move in a straight line due to inertia but the unbalanced force of gravity constantly pulls them toward the sun, keeping them in an elliptical, curved orbit around the sun. Without gravity, planets would travel off into space in a straight line.) |
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Why do planets stay in a curved, elliptical orbit around the sun? |
Planets tend to move in a straight line due to inertia but the unbalanced force of gravity constantly pulls them toward the sun, keeping them in an elliptical, curved orbit around the sun. |
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What would happen to planets if the unbalanced force of gravity was removed?
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Without gravity, planets would travel off into space in a straight line. |
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What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? |
Acceleration of an object is directly related to the magnitude of force, the direction of the force and inversely related to the object's mass.
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If you exert the same force on two objects of different mass, you will get different changes in motion (acceleration). Will the smaller mass or the larger mass accelerate more? |
The smaller mass will accelerate more. The object's mass is what makes the difference. |
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If a 10 Newton force hits a pebble and a boulder, which one will accelerate more? |
The pebble will accelerate more than the boulder. Since the pebble has less mass, the force will affect it more. |
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What is Newton's Third Law of Motion? |
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces act in pairs. (Example: When a cannon shoots a cannonball, the cannonball is pushed forward with the same amount of force as the cannon. The cannon has more mass than the cannonball, so according to Newton's Second Law it accelerates less than the cannonball (which has less mass). |
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These are simple mechanisms that multiply force. They are simple devices for altering the magnitude or direction of a force. What are they? |
A simple machine is a simple device for altering the magnitude or direction of a force. Simple machines are simple mechanisms that multiply force. |
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_______________________ is done when a force is applied to an object and moves that object. |
Work. Work is done when a force is applied to an object and moves that object. W = F X d (work = Force x distance moved) |
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What is the formula for work? |
Work = Force x distance moved (W = F x d) |
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A force of 20 Newtons moves an object 4 meters. How much work is done? |
Work = Force x distance Work = 20 N x 4 m Work = 80 Nm |
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A force of 10 Newtons moves an object 0 meters. How much work is done? |
Work = F x d Work = 10N x 0 m Work = 0 Nm (No work is done if the force did not move the object) |
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The measure of how much matter is in an object is its: __________________ |
Mass |
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Any substance that has mass and occupies space is called: ____________________ |
Matter. Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. |
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When an object is placed into water, it will displace (or push out) some of the water. (Think of when you climb into a bathtub and the bath water rises). This is known as: ______________________ ______________________ |
Volume Displacement. When an object is placed into water, it will displace (or push out) some of the water. You can calculate the volume of the object if you know the volume of the water beforehand, and the volume of the water after the object has been placed in the water. |
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If the water level was at 4.8 ml before a toy dinosaur was placed into the water, and the water level is now at 5.6 ml, calculate the volume displacement of the toy dinosaur: |
5.6 ml - 4.8 = 0.8 ml The volume displacement caused by the toy dinosaur is 0.8 ml. |
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If a bath tub water level was at 120 liters before you climbed into the tub, but at 200 liters after you placed a large rock into the tub, calculate the volume displacement of the large rock:
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200 liters - 120 liters = 80 liters The volume displacement caused by the large rock is 80 liters. |
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If a big bucket is filled with 50 liters of water before a large brick is placed into it, and the water level in the bucket is 65 liters afterwards, what is the volume displacement of the brick? |
65 liters - 50 liters = 15 liters 15 liters is the volume displacement of the brick. |
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The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, with NO energy required is called: _______________________________ |
Diffusion |
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In diffusion, molecules of a substance move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until an ____________________ is reached and molecules are spread out evenly. |
Equilibrium (or balance) |
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Properties that do NOT change the chemical nature of matter are called _________________ properties. |
Physical Properties |
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Things like color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, density, etc., are examples of what kind of properties? |
These are examples of physical properties. Physical properties do not change the chemical nature of matter. There is no change in composition (make up) of the matter.
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With physical properties, you end up with (the same OR different) type of substance you started with? |
The SAME. Physical properties do not change the chemical nature of substances. |
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Freezing an/or melting (does OR does not) change the chemical nature of water? |
Physical properties do NOT change the chemical nature of substances. Water, for example, is not changed into a new substance as a result of freezing or melting. Ice may be frozen, for example, but it's still made of water and can be returned to its former state. |
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Properties that DO change the chemical nature of matter are called ___________________ properties. |
Chemical Properties |
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Heat of combustion, pH, reactivity with water, and electromotive force are examples of what type of properties (chemical or physical)?
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These are examples of chemical properties |
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When matter undergoes change that alters the composition of the matter, it is changed into new kinds of matter. What kind of properties (chemical or physical) could change one type of matter into a new type of matter? |
Chemical Properties |
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Iron + Oxygen ---> Iron Oxide (rust) In this reaction, a new type of matter is created. What type of properties could change iron and oxygen into iron oxide? |
Chemical Properties (chemical properties changed the iron and oxygen into new matter called iron oxide; the chemical nature of matter was changed by chemical properties). |
