Manual Muscle Testing

Front 1

Pronator Quadratus

Back 1

Fixation:The elbow should be held against the patient's side to avoid shoulder abduction.
Test:Pronation of the forearm with the elbow completely flexed in order to make a humeral head of the Pronator teres less effective by being in a shortened position.

Front 2

Supinator and Biceps

Back 2

Test:Supination of the forearm with elbow at right angle.
Test:Supination of the forearm with elbow at right angle or slightly below

Front 3

Supinator(Tested with biceps elongated)

Back 3

Pressure:At the distal end of the forearm above the wrist, in the direction of pronation. The subject may attempt to rotate the humerus laterally to make it appear that the forearm remains in supination as pressure is applied and the forearm starts to pronate.

Front 4

Brachioradialis

Back 4

Test:Flexion of the elbow with the forearm neutral between pronation and supination. The belly of BR must be seen and felt during this test b/c the movement can be produced by other muscles which flex the elbow.
Pressure:Against the lower forearm in the direction of extension

Front 5

Coracobrachialis

Back 5

Test:Shoulder flexion in lateral rotation w/the elbow completely flexed and forearm supinated. Assistance from the biceps in shoulder flexion is decreased in this test position b/c the complete elbow flexion and forearm supination place the muscle in too short a position to be effective in shoulder flexion.

Front 6

Biceps Brachii and Brachialis

Back 6

Test:The examiner places one hand under the elbow to cushion it from table pressure. Test: Elbow flexion slightly less than or at right angle with forearm in supination.
Pressure:Against the lower forearm in the direction of extension

Front 7

Triceps and Anconeus (prone)

Back 7

The shoulder is at 90 abduction with the arm supported b/w the shoulder and the elbow by the table. Test:Extension of the elbow joint
Pressure:Against the forearm in the direction of flexion.

Front 8

Triceps and Anconeus (supine)

Back 8

The shoulder is at 90 flexion arm supported in a position perpendicular to the table.
Test:Extension of the elbow (slightly less than full extension)
Pressure:Against the forearm in the direction of flexion.

Front 9

Supraspinatus

Back 9

Hands on side of body w/patient standing or sitting with head turned toward the opposite side. Pressure:Against the forearm in the direction of adduction

Front 10

Supraspinatus and Middle Deltoid

Back 10

Patient is sitting with shoulder setup for internal rotation (w/out rotation occuring) Pressure:Against the dorsal surface of the humerus if elbow is flexed

Front 11

Anterior Deltoid

Back 11

Sitting Shoulder abduction with slight flexion with the humerus in slight lateral rotation. Arm at a slight angle Pressure:against the antereomedial surface of the arm in the direction of adduction and slight extension

Front 12

Posterior Deltoid

Back 12

Sitting Shoulder abduction in slight sxtension (angle arm down slightly) w/humerus in slight medial roation. Pressure: Against the posterolateral surface of the arm above the elbow in the direction of adduction and slight flexion

Front 13

Teres Major

Back 13

Prone Test:Extension and adduction of the humerus in the medially rotated position with the hand resting on onthe posterior iliac crest (lower back) Pressure:Against the arm above the elbow in the direction of abduction and flexion.

Front 14

Pectoralis Major (Upper)

Back 14

Supine Stand facing their head. Hold opposite shoulder firmly on the table while raising the opposite arm in the air. Pressure:Against the forearm in the direction of horizontal abduction.

Front 15

Pectoralis Major (Lower)

Back 15

Supine Place one hand on the iliac crest to keep pelvis maintained on the table. Test:Have elbow extended in the air have them adduct toward the oppositie illiac crest. Pressure:Against the forearm obliquel in a lateral and cranial direction.