Manhattan Gmat Sc

Front 1

Deadly Five

Back 1

It, Its, They, Them, Their

Front 2

Demonstrative Pronouns

Back 2

This, That, These, and Those

Front 3

There (means)

Back 3

- In that place -
The antecedent is usually a noun (not an adjective) in a prepositional phrase

Front 4

Reflexive Pronouns

Back 4

Itself - Themselves
Used as Objects to refer directly to the Subject
e.g. "The panda groomed itself"

Front 5

Reciprocal Pronouns

Back 5

One Another - Each Other
Used to indicate interaction between parties
(NOT interchangable with Themselves)

Front 6

Such - Other/Another

Back 6

Combine with a noun to indicate an antecedent
e.g. "After THE LAND USE AGREEMENT surfaced, the commission decided to subject SUCH CONTRACTS to debate in the future"

Front 7

Such - Other/Another (2)

Back 7

Mean "additional of the same type" though not necessarily "exactly alike"

Front 8

One

Back 8

Indicates an indefinite copy or a single indefenite part of a collection.

Front 9

Do So vs. Do It

Back 9

Do So - Refer to an entire action (including its verbs, objects, and modifiers)
Do It - The pronoun IT must refer to an actual noun

Front 10

IT - Placeholder - Infinitive Clauses

Back 10

It is futile to resist temptation
The pronoun IT becomes the subject of the sentence.

Front 11

Placeholder It - Postpone That - Clause

Back 11

It gave us encouragement THAT we scored at all

Front 12

Placeholder It - Postpone Infinitive or That-Clause Objects

Back 12

She made IT possible for us TO ATTEND the movie

Front 13

IT -

Back 13

Do not be overly anxious to elliminate, by PLACEHOLDER rules it may be needed.

Front 14

Avoiding Pronouns?

Back 14

It may not be stylistically desired, however, it is an Option to ensure clarity

Front 15

Avoiding Pronouns? (2)

Back 15

Use generic Synonims that refer to an example (not the exact same)

Front 16

Pronouns must agree in:

Back 16

1. Number
2. Gender
3. Repeats
4. Proximity (too close may be bad)
5. Case

Front 17

Pronoun Proximity

Back 17

Pronouns normally refer to the closest antecedent, HOWEVER, there IS such a thing as TOO CLOSE.
Usually place the antecedent first then the pronoun

Front 18

Modifiers - Exception to Touch Rule
1. "Mission Critical" Falls Between

Back 18

Modifier that is often an OF-Phrase that defines the noun. The less important modifier refers to the noun plus the first modifier

Front 19

Modifiers - Exception to Touch Rule
2. Very short Predicate falls between, shiflting a very long modifier back

Back 19

A new CEO has been hired who will transform the company by decentralization.

Front 20

Modifiers - Exception to Touch Rule
3. A short non-essential phrase intervenes and is set off by commas

Back 20

Our syste of Presidential elections favor states, such as Delaware, that by population are over-represented in the Electoral College

Front 21

Modifiers - Exception to Touch Rule
4. The modifier is part of a series of parallel modifiers, one of which touches the noun

Back 21

Modifiers can/should be parallel when necessary. One of the parallel modifiers must "Touch" the noun.

Front 22

Possesive Nuances
Of ... ...X's

Back 22

AVOID
The orca, a relative of the blue whale's, is found throughout the globe (WRONG)

Front 23

Possesive Nuances
Of... ...X

Back 23

The orca, a relative of the blue whale, is found throughout the globe (CORRECT)

Front 24

Possesive Nuances
X's

Back 24

Uncommon, however it can be part of a CORRECT answer choice

Front 25

Subgroup Modifiers
Some of Which ... ...Where
of Which Some... ...Were

Back 25

Some of Which ... ...Where (CORRECT)
of Which Some... ...Were (WRONG)

Front 26

Subgroup Modifiers
Some of Them....
Some of Them Which Were

Back 26

Subgroup Modifiers
Some of Them.... (CORRECT)
Some of Them Which Were (WRONG)

Front 27

Verb in Present Participle

Back 27

Get their tense from the main verb in the sentence

Front 28

Absolut Phrases

Back 28

Composed of a noun + a noun modifier. These phrases do not need to modify what they touch, they modify the MAIN clause.
e.g. "His head held high, Owen walked out of the store"

Front 29

Which

Back 29

The pronoun Which MUST refer to the noun before it!!!

Front 30

Pronoun One

Back 30

Although Singular can refer to both singular and plural antecedents.

Front 31

Cousin Words
Aggravate
Aggravating

Back 31

Aggravate (Worsen)
Aggravating (Irritating)

Front 32

Cousin Words
Known As
Known To Be

Back 32

Known As (named)
Known To Be (acknowledged as)

Front 33

Cousin Words
Loss Of
Loss In

Back 33

Loss Of (no longer in possession of)
Loss In (decline in value)

Front 34

Cousin Words
Mandate
Have a Mandate

Back 34

Mandate (command)
Have a Mandate (have authority from voters)

Front 35

Cousin Words
Native of
Native to

Back 35

Native of (person from)
Native to (species originated in)

Front 36

Cousin Words
Range of
Ranging

Back 36

Range of (variety of)
Ranging (varying)

Front 37

Cousin Words
Rate of
Rates for

Back 37

Rate of (speed or frequency)
Rates for (prices for)

Front 38

Cousin Words
Raise
Rise

Back 38

Raise (a bet or salary increase)
Rise (general increase)

Front 39

Cousin Words
Such As
Like

Back 39

Such As (for example)
Like (Similar)

Front 40

Cousin Words
Try To Do
Try Doing

Back 40

Try To Do (seek to accomplish)
Try Doing (experiment with)

Front 41

Helping Verbs

Back 41

May, Will, Must, and Should
By swaping Helping Verbs the GMAT can change the meaning. ONLY change if the Original sentence is nonesencical

Front 42

Should

Back 42

MORAL OBLIGATION

Front 43

Must

Back 43

Legally Binding

Front 44

If words change position in answer choices

Back 44

CHECK MEANING
by replacing words the meaning may change

Front 45

Concision - Can the word be removed?

Back 45

If the word can be removed without affecting the meaning of the sentence it can be removed

Front 46

Redundancy and expressing Time Past:

Back 46

Previously, Formerly, In the Past, Before Now

Front 47

Redundancy and expressing Time Present:

Back 47

Now, Currently, Presently, At Present

Front 48

Redundancy and expressing Time Future:

Back 48

Annual, Each Year, A Year

Front 49

The word THAT

Back 49

is used in introducing Parallel Subordinate Clauses

Front 50

Run On Sentence:

Back 50

Created by presenting two independent clauses separated only by a comma.
To prevent - Subordinate markers and/or other punctuation (;)

Front 51

Idiom
Except

Back 51

For

Front 52

Excepting

Back 52

Can be used. Usually appears in negative constructions.

Front 53

Construction
Y will happen unless X happens first

Back 53

rquires the present tense following the word UNLESS

Front 54

Rates
OF
FOR

Back 54

Rates Of - (Growth)
Rate For - (Price Charged)