Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Early Phase Asthma |
Allergens trigger inflammatory response
Further exposure results in mast cell degranulation
Causes immediate bronchoconstriction that lasts about 1 hour |
|
|
Late Phase Asthma |
Activated airway cells release inflammatory cytokines
resulting in continued bronchoconstriction, increase AHR and airway inflammation
Results in airway edema and remodeling of airways Causes plugged small airways |
|
|
Asthma TX at home (Good response) |
Continue SABA every 3-4 hrs for 24-48 hrs
Consider short-course oral systemic steroids |
|
|
Asthma TX at home (Incomplete Response) |
continue SABA - add short course oral steroid
Contact provider ASAP |
|
|
Asthma TX at home (Poor response) |
Repeat SABA immediately Add oral steroids
Contact provider immediately |
|
|
Asthma TX at home (No response) |
Add oral corticosteroids
Repeat SABA immediately
Proceed to ED, call 911 |
|
|
Anti-inflammatory drugs to manage Asthma (Fixed schedule) |
Inhaled glucocorticoids (IGC) Inhaled mast cell stabilizers Oral leukotriene inhibitors |
|
|
Bronchodilators to manage Asthma |
Inhaled short-acting B2-agonists (PRN)
Inhaled long-acting B2-agonists (fixed schedule)
Oral theophylline (fixed schedule) |
|
|
Primary Tx of Asthma |
Anti-inflammatory drugs on a fixed schedule and bronchodilators prn w/ or w/o an additional fixed schedule |
|
|
Characteristics of COPD |
Bronchoconstriction Chronic inflammation Loss of lung elasticity Fibrosis
Large amount of sputum
|
|
|
Mainstay Drug Therapy of COPD |
Inhaled bronchodilators |
|
|
Anti-inflammatory Drugs for COPD |
Inhaled glucocorticoids (fixed schedule) |
|
|
Bronchodilators for COPD |
Inhaled short-acting B2-agonists (PRN inhaled)
Anticholinergics (fixed schedule)
Inhaled long-acting B2-agonists (fixed schedule)
Oral theophylline (fixed schedule) |
|
|
Key drugs in COPD management |
Anticholinergics |
|
|
TX of Mild COPD |
Avoid risk factors
Short acting B2-agonists (SABA) prn |
|
|
TX of Moderate COPD |
Avoid risk factors
Short acting B2-Agonists (SABA) prn
Fixed doses LA bronchodilators
Pulmonary rehabilitation |
|
|
TX of Severe COPD |
Avoid risk factors Short acting B2-Agonists (SABA) prn LA bronchodilators (LABD) fixed dose Inhaled corticosteroid Pulmonary Rehab |
|
|
Inhaled Corticosteroids |
beclomethasone budesonide ciclesonide flunisolide fluticasone mometasone triamcinolone |
|
|
Oral, IV, IM Corticosteroids |
dexamethasone methylprednisolone prednisone prednisolone |
|
|
MOA of Corticosteroids |
Suppress inflammation
Increase number of B2 receptors and improves their responsiveness
Reduces mucous production and hypersecretion Reduces bronchial hyperresponsiveness Prevents and reverses airway remodeling |
|
|
ADR of Inhaled Steroids |
Dysphonia Oral Candida albicans |
|
|
First-line anti-inflammatory drugs in Chronic Asthma |
Inhaled Corticosteroids |
