Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Values
|
A lasting belief that a goal or mode of conduct is better than the opposite goal or conduct. Like a mission statement
|
|
|
Ethics
|
Principles of conduct, governing individual or group, and method to apply them
|
|
|
Free Enterprise Values
|
1. Create jobs
2. High standard of living 3. Personal freedoms 4. Output of goods and services 5. Innovation |
|
|
Shareholders' Profits vs. Stakeholders Responsibilities
|
Responsibility vs. Value (Profits)
|
|
|
Sources of Stress
|
work, deadlines, relationships, uncontrollable events, confusion, mobility
|
|
|
Levels and Stages of Moral Development (list them)
|
Level 1: Self interest
Stage 1- Punishment Stage 2- Naively egoistic Level 2: Approval Stage 3- Interpersonal Stage 4- Law and order Level 3: Abstract ideals Stage 5- Social contract Stage 6- Conscience |
|
|
Moral Development: Level 1
|
Self-Interest
Stage 1- Punishment -don't want to be punished Stage 2- Naively egoistic -want to get something |
|
|
Moral Development: Level 2
|
Approval
Stage 3- Interpersonal -Approval from relationships Stage 4- Law and order -approval from society |
|
|
Moral Development: Level 3
|
Abstract Ideals
Stage 5- Social contract -moral values of society Stage 6- Conscience -Altriusm |
|
|
Types of Relationships
|
1. Self Alone
2. Self First 3. Self Equally as Others 4. Others First 5. Others Alone |
|
|
Enlightened Self-Interest
|
1. Free markets flourish
2. Selfish desires vs. long-term interests 3. Some altruism is necessary 4. Efficient but can fall short |
|
|
Gaps in American Values
|
1. Voting
2. Keeping informed 3. Materialism 4. Tolerance |
|
|
Four Ethical Principles (List them)
|
1. Utilitarianism
2. Individual Rights 3. Distributive Justice 4. Caring |
|
|
Utilitarianism
|
Greatest good for the most people. This is the most commonly used.
Positives: easy to use, promotes entire society, encourages risk, innovation, productivity Negatives: can form into self interest, can interrupt another’s rights, neglecting less powerful Examples: Plant closings, Pollution control, Eminent Domain |
|
|
Individual Rights
|
Moral rights and duties supported by law, god-given rights and freedom.
Positives: Respect for rights and property, support bill of rights Negatives: Can enforce self interest Examples: Unsafe working conditions, Inferior Products |
|
|
Distributive Justice
|
Equal distribution of society’s benefits and burdens, and laws.
Positives: Trumps utilitarianism, veil of ignorance*, fair share of output Negatives: Sense of entitlement, people take less risk Examples: Low wages for minorities, sweatshops |
|
|
Caring
|
Responsibility to a person because of relationship
Positives: Trust, teamwork, supports community, emotions tied to ethics Negatives: No relationship= no obligation Examples: Mentoring, Flex-hours, Nepotism |
|
|
Four Basic Moral Truths (list them)
|
1. Self-Discipline
2. Courage 3. Justice 4. Prudence |
|
|
Self-Discipline
|
everything in moderation
|
|
|
Courage
|
Do what is necessary to achieve a good goal, patience perseverance
|
|
|
Justice
|
disposition to give another his/ her dues
|
|
|
Prudence
|
Judgment to recognize a good goal and determine a strategy to obtain it
|
|
|
Characteristics of a Virtuous Organization
|
1. Socialization
2. Leaders as Role Models 3. Personal Character Development 4. Virtue will not develop when the goals are profit growth 5. Organizations Ultimate Goals: To increase the well-being of men and women |
|
|
Virtue
|
A good moral habit
Learned behavior, Strengthened by repeated actions, Internal Motivation, Demands good intentions, Influenced by mentoring, role models, corporate culture |
|
|
Double Effect Test
|
Test that examines the positive and negative consequences of a choice
|
|
|
Chronological Order
|
1. Ancients: Plato, Aristotle
2. Biblical Time 3. Christianity/Capitalism 4. Martin Luther 5. John Calvin 6. Protestant Ethic 7. Adam Smith 8. Hobbes 9. Locke 10. Rousseau 11. Franklin 12. Jefferson 13. Tocqueville 14. Darwin |
|
|
Social Darwinism
|
Spencer
Applies Darwin to society The fittest will survive No moral duty to help others Example: The Irish Blight (1845-1850) |
|
|
Adam's Smiths theory and the Principle of Free Enterprise
|
1. Maximize profits
2. Invisible hand rule for market |
|
|
The Ancients
|
Plato: believed work was a temptation to be avoided.
Aristotle: Household management of goods is okay Use of skills for profit not dignified |
|
|
Biblical Time
|
Hebrews had reason and integrity for work
Work is done out of concern and love for others |
|
|
Islam Labor Views
|
Labor is sacred and has the potential of worship
|
|
|
Buddhism Values
|
1. Selfishness
2. Laziness 3. Deception |
|
|
Thomas Acquinas
|
The reason to work is to get food, avoid idleness, provide alms, avoid lust
|
|
|
Christianity/Capitalism
|
Monks were first.
“To labor is to pay” |
|
|
Martin Luther
|
1. Work to earn a living
2. Disapproved of commerce and economics 3. Separate church and business |
|
|
John Calvin
|
1. Salvation is predetermined – you cannot change it
2. If successful, it is a sign that you are saved 3. No hoarding of profits – must invest in new works 4. One duty: Glorify God |
|
|
Protestant Ethic
|
1. God helps those who help themselves
2. Values hard work and savings 3. Frugal |
|
|
Thomas Hobbes
|
1. Motivation comes from pleasure
2. Egoistic hedonism |
|
|
John Locke
|
Right to property, self-preservation, give excess to others
|
|
|
Rousseau
|
1. Social Contract shows a distrust of society
2. Exalts individual rights, no private property |
|
|
Benjamin Franklin
|
Puritan values, valued saving, reinvest in capitalism
|
|
|
Thomas Jefferson
|
Opposed industrialism, best govern governs least
|
|
|
Tocqueville
|
Individual efforts most important –
No interest in forefathers, Hardworking, Leave society at large Work is necessary, natural and honest |
|
|
Individualism Philosophy
|
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
Supported: long working hours child labor unsafe and unhealthy conditions The rich got richer |
|
|
Church views during the 1800s
|
Protestant Ethic: Hard work, self-discipline, god created system
|
|
|
Ideology Definition
|
System of values to form a individual view with life goals and personal values
-coherent statements of purpose -straight forward -Emotional |
|
|
Advantages of Ideologies
|
1. Direction and Purpose
2. Mark on History 3. Clarity |
|
|
Disadvantages of Ideologies
|
1. Cause Rigidity
2. Impede Progress 3. Emphasizes defense instead of growth |
|
|
Scientific Management
|
-Frederick Taylor
-Improving methods and productivity -planning is essential -undermined social Darwinism |
|
|
Philanthropists who supports Inheritance Tax
|
Carnegie and Rockefeller
|
|
|
Russell Conwell
|
-Founder of Temple University
-Acres of Diamonds -Hard work will pay off -Everyone can get rich |
|
|
Status Quo
|
-Contentment with what is happening
-little reflection -focus on how to get things done rather than change |
|
|
Utopian Ideals
|
-Ideas that transcend reality
-Challenges the norm -Causes social disorder -Focus on the betterment of society -Great society -Image that people strive for -Tomorrow will be Better |
|
|
Williams' American Values
|
1. Activity and work
2. Efficiency and practicality 3. Achievement and success 4. Equality 5. External conformity 6. Freedom 7. Material Comfort 8. Moral orientation and humanitarianism 9. Patriotism 10. Rationality and measurement 11. Optimism |
