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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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communication
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the process of transmitting information from one person or place to another
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perception
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the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments
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perceptual filters
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the personality-, psychology-, or experience-based differences that influence people to ignore or pay attention to particular stimuli
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1. attention
2. organization 3. interpretation 4. retention |
4 parts of the perception process
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attention
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the process of noticing or becoming aware of particular stimuli
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organization
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the process of incorporating new information into your existing knowledge
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interpretation
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the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge
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retention
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the process of remembering interpreted information
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selective participation
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the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, belief, and expectations while ignoring or screening out or not accepting inconsistent information
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closure
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the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know
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attribution theory
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a theory that states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain causes of other people's behavior
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internal attribution
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belief that behavior is voluntary or under the control of the individual
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external attribution
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belief that behavior is involuntary and outside of the control of the individual
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the defensive bias
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the tendency for people to perceive themselves as personally and situationally similar to someone who is having difficulty or trouble
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fundamental attribution error
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the tendency to ignore external causes of behavior and to attribute other people's actions to internal causes
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self-serving bias
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the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes)
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encoding
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putting a message into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver
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decoding
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the process by which the receiver translates the written, verbal or symbolic form of a message into an understood message
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feedback to sender
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in the communication process, a return message that indicates the receiver's understanding of the message
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noise
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anything that interferes with the transmission of the intended message
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jargon
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vocabulary particular to a profession or group
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formal communication
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the system of official channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information
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downward communication
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communication that flows from higher to lower levels in an organization
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upward communication
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communication that flows from lower to higher levels in an organization
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horizontal communication
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communication that flows among managers and workers who are at the same organizational level
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