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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a fossa?
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a pit or depression in a bone. Frequently a site of bone articulation or muscle attachment.
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What is a condyle?
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an articular prominence of a bone.
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What is a foramen?
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any opening, orifice, or perforation, especially through bone. (hole)
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What is a process?
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a broad designation for any bone protrusion; usually the site of muscle or tendon attachment.
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What is the mandible?
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the lower jaw
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What is the atlas?
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1st vertebra; holds up skull
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What is the axis?
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2nd vertebra
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What are the parts of the forelimb?
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humerus, radius, ulna, and sternum
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What are the bones of the hind limb?
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femur, patella, tibia, fibula
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What is the cervical?
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neck vertebrae
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What is the thoracic vertebra?
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where the ribs attach
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What is the lumbar?
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ribs where the lower back is
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What is the sacral?
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vertebra where the hips fuse
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What is the caudal?
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vertebra where the tail is located
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What is the skull divided into?
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braincase and rostrum
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What is the premaxilla?
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support the incisors
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What is the maxilla?
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nose and upper jaw; supports canines, premolars, and molars
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What is the foramen magnum?
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where the spinal cord exists the skull
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What is the zygomatic arch?
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forms part of the orbit
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What is the saggital crest?
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increases area for jaw muscles to attach
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What is the palatine?
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hard secondary palate
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What is the occiptal condyle?
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articulates with the first vertebra
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What is the tympanic bulla?
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houses middle and inner ears
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What does plantigrade mean towards foot posture? give some ex.
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flat-footed (i.e. bears, raccoons, humans)
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What does digitigrade mean towards foot posture?
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walking on the digits (i.e.) cats, dogs)
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What does unguligrade mean towards foot posture? Give some ex.
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walking on the fingertips which are modified into hooves (deer, horse)
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What does diphyodont mean?
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they have two sets of teeth in their lives
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What is hederodont dentition?
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mammals have different kinds of teeth
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What is a homodont? give an ex.
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same size/type teeth, ex. dolphin
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What is a hypsodont? give ex.
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herbivore with cheek teeth present, ex. deer and horses
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What is the selenodont?
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a herbivore with teeth that have ridges that are formed by an elongation of a single cusp.
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What is a lophodont?
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herbivore with teeth that have fused cusps that form elongate ridges called lophs
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What is a secodont, carnassial?
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carnivore that has teeth with sharp edges for cutting
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What are carnassial teeth? ex.
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for shearing; in adults 4th upper premolar and 1st lower molar; only in the ORDER CARNIVORA; scissor action, (i.e. cats and dogs)
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What are bunodont?ex.
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omnivores that have low rounded cusps
i.e. humans and pigs |
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What is dorsal?
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side nearest the back
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What is cranial?
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head region
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What is ventral?
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side nearest the belly
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What is manus?
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forefoot
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What is caudal?
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tail region
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What is pinnae?
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ears
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What is nares?
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chemical sensory organ in nose
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What is pes?
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hindfoot
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What is vibrissae?
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whiskers
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What is tapetum lucidum?
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nocturnal vision i.e. eyeshine
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What is adducts?
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moves a limb toward the midline of the body
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What is abducts?
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moves a limb away from the midline of the body
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What is masseter for?
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for chewing
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What is the temporalis for?
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flexes head, lifts mandible
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What is latissimus dorsi for?
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pulls humerus backward
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What is the pectoralis major and minor?
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adducts forelimb
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What is the gluteus maxiumus?
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abducts thigh
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What is the gracilis?
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adducts thigh
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What is the baculum?
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os penis or penis bone
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What is the biceps brachii?
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flexes forelimb
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What is the biceps femoris?
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abducts thigh, flexes hind limb
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What is the triceps?
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extends forearm
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What is the satorius?
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extends hindlimb, adducts thigh
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What is the cerebellum?
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muscle coordination and balance
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What is the cerebrum?
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interprets sensory impulses and for the coordination of voluntary movements; memory and learning centers found in sections of the lobes; advanced
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Are primates diurnal or nocturnal?
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diurnal-usually move about in the day time.
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Do primates have a well developed clavicle, a small clavicle or an absent clavicle?
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well developed clavicle
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Who are primates closely linked to?
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insectivores
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Where do primates mostly live?
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arboreal and some are terrestrial
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How many species of primates have seen snow?
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2 species
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Do strepsirhini have a divided or undivided upper lip?
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divided
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Do halorhini have a divided or undivided upper lip?
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undivided
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What is a rhinarium?
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a wet, dog like nose
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Who has a rhinarium?; strepsirhinis or halorhinis?
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strepsirhinis
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What is the bat order?
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Chiroptera
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HOw long can bats live for?
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10-25 years
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What are the only mammals capable of true flight?
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bats
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What are the two suborders of bats?
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Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera
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Is a clavicle present or not present in a bat?
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present clavicle
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What is it called when a bats knees are turned backward to support the tail membrane?
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uropatagium
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What is a calcar?
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a cartlaginous rod present for supporting the tail membrane
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What families are in Megachiroptera?
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Pteropodidae
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Describe the Megachiroptera family?
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they are frugivores, fruit eaters, the first and second digits are free of membrane and are clawed, postorbital process present and large
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What family is Pteropodidae?
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flying foxes, old world fruit bats
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Describe the Pteropodidae family?
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mouse like ears, long snouts, good vision, large eyes, and olfaction, mostly nocturnal, do not hibernate, old world
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What genus can ecolocate? and what family did they evolve from?
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Rousettus, evolved from Microchiropterans
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How are wings structured so that bats can fly?
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4 fingers support surface covered by skin
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Describe the Suborder Microchiroptera.
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nocturnal, echolocation, eyes usually poorly developed, 2nd digit fully enclosed in wing membrane and not clawed, postorbital process absent, dilambdodont dentition, many incisors lost for echolocation
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Describe the family Phyllostomidae and what suborder does it belong to, order?
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noseleaf present on muzzle for directing sound for echolocation, tail and tail membrane varies, small tragus present, brightly colored fur or dull, neotropical; belongs to the Microchiroptera suborder and the Chiroptera order.-these are the New World Leaf-Nosed bats
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What family is the vampire bat family?
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Desmodontinae
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Describe the Vespertilionidae family and what order and suborder it belongs to?
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belongs to the Chiroptera Order and the Microchiroptera suborder. They are common bats, with long tail and wide tail membranes, most are insectivorous,suction discs on wrists and ankles, temperate regions of the US, may hibernae or migrate
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Describe the Molossidae family and what order and suborder it belongs to.
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It belongs to the Chiroptera order and the Microchiroptera suborder.They are free-tailed bats. The 1st and 5th digits of feet wth fring of stiff bristles, tragus small or absent, insectivorous, tail extends well beyond margin of small membrane
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Describe the Rhinolophidae family. What is their order and suborder?
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Chiroptera order and Microchiroptera suborder. stores sperm, Sometimes considered Hipposideridae for old world leaf nosed bats, (leaf nosed bats and horseshoe bats), they uropatagium
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Big Brow Bat?
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Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus fuscus |
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Hoary Bat?
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Vespertilionidae
Lasiurus cinereus |
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Brazillian Free-tailed bat
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Molissidae
Tadarida brasiliensis |
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Eastern pipistrelle
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Vespertilionidae
Pipestellus subflavus |
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Rafinesque's big-eared bat
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Vespertilionidae
Plectotus rafinesquii |
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Silver-haired bat
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Vespertilionidae
Lasionycteris noctivagans |
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Northern Long-eared bat
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Vespertilionidae
Myotis keenii |
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Small-footed bat
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Vespertilionidae
Myotis leibii |
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Southeastern myotis
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Vespertilionidae
Myotis autroriparus |
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Describe the strepserhini suborder.
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simpler brain and facial structure, tooth comb (procumbent dentition) on bottom jaw, post orbital bar, rather than plate
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What are the families that belong to the strepserhini suborder?
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Lemuridae, Lorsidae, and Galgonidae
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What are the two infraorders that belong to the Halorhini suborder?
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Platyrrhini-new world monkeys-auditory bullae opened to the outside,
Catarrhini-old world monkeys, more evolved, ear canals that connect to the outside auditory bulla |
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What family is marmosets and tamarins?
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Calitrichidae
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What family is Great Apes?
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Pongidae
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What family is Humanoids?
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Hominidae
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What is the genus species of the Golden Lion tamarin?
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Callitrichidae,
Leontopithecus rosalia |
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What is the family, genus anPongidaed species of the Orangutan?
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Pongidae, Ponga pygmaeus
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What is the pollex and the hallux?
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pollex is the thumb, hallux is the big toe
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What do the female marmosets and tamarins usually have?
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twin babies
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What are the two butt spots on baboons?
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ischial callosities
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What are the families called that great apes live in?
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troops
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What is the family, genus and species of the chimpanzee?
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Pongidae, Pan troglodytes
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What infraorder do the great apes belong to?
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Catarrhini
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What is the auditory meatus and what family is it found in?
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Hominidae, bony tube that leads from the auditory bulla to the outside
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What is the difference btwn. tooth form with the Hominidae family and the Pongidae family?
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the Hominidae family's tooth row forms a rounder arch, rather than square shape like the Pongidae family
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What is the Lemur family, genus and species?
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Lemuridae, Lemur catta
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What suborder does the lemurs belong to?
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strepsirhini
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Where are lemurs located? are they hervirous, omnivorous or insectivorous?
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madagascar, all three
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What is the family, genus and species of the squirrel monkey?
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Cebidae, new world monkey, Saimiri sciureus
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What do common squirrel monkeys eat?
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small verterbrates and inverterbrates and fruit, plants
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What is the family, genus and species of the mandril?
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Cercopithecidae, Mandrillus sphinx
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What is the family, genus and species of the De Brazza monkey?
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Cercopithecidae, Cercopithecus neglectus
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What is the largest and most diverse family found in Africa and Asia?
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Cercopithecidae family
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What infraorder do the Old world monkeys belong to?
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Catarrhini
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Describe the old world monkey family.
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Cercopithecidae family, non-prehensile tail, brightly color ischial callosities, can brachiate
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What is brachiate?
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hand over hand movement through trees
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What is the order for sloths, armadillos and anteaters?
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Xenarthra
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Why is the order for sloths, armadillos and anteaters called Xenarthra?
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process on the spinal column; called xenarthrous-2 heads or points on each vertebra
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Describe the Xenarthra order?
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homodont teeth that always lack the incisors and enamel, primarily insectivorous, 2 or 3 digits..all new world
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What is the family, genus and species of the anteaters?
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Myrmecophagidae, Myrmecophag triadactyla
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Where is the tongue attached on an anteater?
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on the sternum
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What is the family, genus and species of the 2-toed sloth?
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Megalonychidae, Choloepus hoffmannii
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What are the sloths related to?
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manatees
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What is the family, genus and species of armadillos?
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Dasypodidae, Dasypus novemcinctus
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What is the armor on an armadillo made of?
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dermal bone and epidermal scales
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How are armadillos produced?
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by a single zygote of the same sex
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What are Aardvarks? what order and family are they in?
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they make up the niche that armadillos do not cover, weak enamel on teeth and 8 figure shaped teeth, Oryceteropodidae family in the order Tublidentata
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