Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where do mammary glands develop embryologically?
|
Initially develop along bilateral epidermal ridges - "MILK LINES". Later develop of single pair of thoracic glands
|
|
|
How many glandular lobes?
|
12-20
|
|
|
What comprises each lobe?
|
numerous lobules of alveoli
|
|
|
What drains the alveoli of each lobule?
|
Intralobular ducts drain the alveoli
|
|
|
What drains lobules?
|
Interlobular ducts
|
|
|
Where do the interlobular ducts drain?
|
Into a lactiferous duct
|
|
|
What are located behind the nipple?
|
lactiferous ducts with sinuses
|
|
|
What are MONTGOMERY TUBERCLES?
|
Nodular sebaceous glands within the areola
|
|
|
What are Cooper's suspensory ligaments?
|
Interlobar CT (between lobes)
|
|
|
Describe mammary glands during childhood
|
lactiferous ducts, but no secretory cells or other duct system
|
|
|
When does growth of lactiferous ducts occur?
|
During adolescence
|
|
|
What is transient hyperplasia of male breast tissue?
|
Gynecomastia
|
|
|
What diseases have gynecomastia
|
Klinefelter's, hepatic cirrhosis, aged males
|
|
|
What happens in the 1st half of menstrual cycle?
|
alveolar cells relatively inactive, lumina of intralobular ducts NOT prominent, minimal physiological nodularity
|
|
|
What happens during 2nd half of menstrual cycle?
|
alveolar cells more active, secretory material seen in lumnia of both alveoli and intralobular ducts. Caused by increased estrogen and progesterone
|
|
|
What causes changes in 2nd half of menstrual cycle?
|
Increased estrogen and progesterone
|
|
|
When does breast enlargement and nodularity begin?
|
As early as 2nd month of pregnancy
|
|
|
What hormones stimulate mammary tissue?
|
Estrogen, Progesterone, Glucocorticoids, growth hormone, Thyroid,
|
|
|
What does Estrogen do?
|
Stimulates development of duct system
|
|
|
What does progesterone do?
|
Stimulates development of secretory alveoli
|
|
|
What happens during first half of pregancy?
|
Ductal expansion, Development of alveoli, Minimal secretory activity - primarily proliferative activity
|
|
|
What decreases in size when lobules exand?
|
Interlobular CT
|
|
|
What happens late in pregnancy
|
Proliferative activity slows, alveolar cells differentiate for secretory activity. Intralobular CT becomes infiltrated with Plasma cells.
|
|
|
What happens during delivery?
|
Colustrum is secreted during last month and 1-3 days postpartum. Milk secreted 1-3 days postpartum.
|
|
|
What does colostrum contain?
|
Proteins, fats, vitamins electrolytes, Igs (A), B&T leukocytes, laxative activity.
|
|
|
What does milk contain?
|
Same as colustrum, but includes LACTOSE
|
|
|
What type of secretion is milk?
|
Apocrine & Merocrine
|
|
|
What causes milk secretion?
|
Decrease in estrogen and progesterone, Increase in Prolactin
|
|
|
Describe Estrogen and Prolactin in Galactopoieses
|
ANTAGONISTIC relationship
|
|
|
Estrogen is a...
|
MITOGEN
|
|
|
Estrogen and prolactin are [ ] in mammogenesis
|
SYNERGISTIC
|
|
|
What is required for maintenance of lactation?
|
Periodic suckling, prolactin development
|
|
|
What blocks maintenance of lactiation?
|
dopamine receptor agonists, estrogen
|
|
|
Describe the milk ejection reflex
|
Reflex arc via spinal nerves T3-5, releases oxytocin, stimulation of myoepithelial cell contraction
|
|
|
What is a neurogenic reflexes that causes lactation?
|
Hearing the baby crying
|
|
|
What is the Ferguson Reflex?
|
Dilation of uterus during labor, causes hypothalamus input for lactation
|
|
|
What happens during menopause?
|
Atrophy of secretory units and ducts. Replacement of lobules with increased CT
|
