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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What two orders make up 62% of the worlds mammals?
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Order Rodentia & Order Chiroptera
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Which Order catches all of the taxa that retain primitive characteristics?
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Order Insectivora
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What percentage of mammals is the large mammals?
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19%
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How many new species were discovered in the past 12 years?
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270
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What are the major 8 characteristics of mammals?
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1. Mammary glands (uniq to mamm)
2. Sweat (sudiferous) glands 3. Sebaceous glands 4. Musk glands 5. Hair 6. Four chambered heart 7. Anucleate Erythrocytes 8. Muscular diaphram |
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What are the function of sweat glands?
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1. Evaporative cooling
2. Elimination of waste |
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What do sebaceous glands do?
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Secrete oil, water proofing, associated w/hair follicle
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What are musk glands for?
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Scent glands that function for protection or mark territory
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What are the four componants of a piece of hair (not cellular level)
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1. Follicle: cavity in wc hair is found in dermis
2. Root: portion of living hair 3. Shaft: portion of dead cells 4. Arrector Pilli |
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Describe the 3 parts of a piece of hair on the cellular level
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1. Cuticle: scale-like pattern
2. Cortex: middle layer tt contains pigment 3. Medulla: central core of cells, often with air spaces |
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What are the two main functions of hair?
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Protection and Insulation
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What are the two types of insulating hairs?
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1. Underfur: dense short fur
2. Guard hairs: long hairs tt form over hair |
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What are the two types of protective coloration of hair?
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1. Pelage: coat of hair
2. Molts: change of pelage due to either age and/or seasonal |
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Do mammals have an open or closed circulatory system?
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Closed
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Which two types of circulation are completely separated in mammals?
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Pulmonary and systemic circulation
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Our digestice system track is _____________
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Compartmentalized
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Where are bacteria cultivated in hind gut fermenters? Give an example.
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lg Caecum; Horses
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Where are bacteria cultivated in front gut fermenters? Give an example.
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Stomach; cows
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Describe the different patterns of testes "location" in mammals
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1. Testes descend wn male reaches sexual maturity-most mammals
2. Testes descend but are w/drawn into body cavity b/w breeding season 3. Testes do not descend but remain abdominal |
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Describe two of the mammalian characteristics of the brain
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1. great increase in size of cerebral hemispheres
2. Development of the neopallium |
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What ear characteristics are unique to mammals?
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1. Pinnae
2. 3 ear ossicles 3. Cochlea coiled in most forms (may not be unique) |
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What are whiskers called?
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Vibrissae
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What the sensory pad on base of Vibrissae called?
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Mystacial pad
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What are some differences b/w reptiles and mammals
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1. More completely ossified
2. Simplification of skeletal elements and reduction of numbers 3. Reptiles growth is continuous |
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What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?
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1. Cervical
2. Thorasic 3. Lumbar 4. Sacrum 5. Caudal |
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How many ribs are in each region of the vertebral column?
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1. Cervical= no ribs!
2. Thorasic= 12 to 13 3. Lumbar= 5 to 7 4. Sacrum= ? 5. Caudal=(tail area) number varies |