Mammalia

Front 1

Class mammalia

1.What are the general characteristics listed for animals?

2. when did mammals first appear?

3. when did the modern mammalian orders appear?

4. Where are they found?

Back 1

1. hair, three middle eared bones, mammary glands in females, neo-cortex

2. Early Mesozoic

3. Palogene and Neogene

4. Worldwide

Front 2

General characteristics-Hair

1. what is it composed of?

2. What is the complete coat of fur called?

3. What are the two main layers of hair and what are they used for?

4. What are the functions of hair?

Back 2

1. Keratin

2. Pelage

3.Ground hair and guard hairs

4. heat insulation, cooling, protection from UV radiation, sense movement in the air

Front 3

General Characteristics-Middle Ear

1. What are the names of the three ossicles?

2. What is the single bone in the reptiles called, where did the extra two middle ear bones come from?

3. What is the function of these new bones?

Back 3

1. Malleeus, incus, and stapes

2. columnella, jaw joints

3. amplify sound and allow for more acute hearing

Front 4

General Characteristic-Jaw joint and teeth

1. what two bones form the jaw?

2. What two bones form the jaw joint?

3. How long did it take for the synapsid skull to evolve?

4. How have vertebrate teeth changed? what are the different types and their functions?

5.What has the shift in the jaw joint allowed?

Back 4

1. dentary and squamosol

2. articular, quadrate

3. over 100 million years ago

4. modified into specialized structures that have certain tasks, Incisors(sheering), Canines (piercing), Molars(grinding)

5. power in the bite

Front 5

General Characteristics-Mammary glands

1. what type of gland is a mammary gland? What is its function?

2. What type of gland is it modified from?

Back 5

1. aspecific type of apocrine glandspecialized for the manufacture ofcolostrum when giving birth

2. sweat glands

Front 6

General Characteristic-Neo-cortex

1.what does the word mean? Where is it located?

2. How does the neocortex consist of? how does this area differ from rodents to larger animals?

3.What is the name of the grooves and wrinkles? What do they allow for?

4. What are the functions of this region?

Back 6

1. New Bark, part of the cerebral cortex

2. Grey matter surrounds the deeper white matter of the cerebrum, larger mammals have more wrinkles and small animals are smoother

3. Sulci(grooves), Gyri(wrinkles), allow for surface area increase

4. Sensory perception, motor commands, spatial reasoning, conscious thought, and language

Front 7

Mammal Classification

1. what are the three major types of mammals and their characteristics?

Back 7

1. Protheria (egglayers), the Metatheria(pouch animals),and the Eutheria(nourished before birth).

Front 8

Subclass: Protheria

1. What does the word Protheria mean

2. What therapsid ancestor characteristics do they contain

3. When did they split from the other mammals

4. Where were they probably found

Back 8

1. first beast

2. a complex pectoral girdle, laying of eggs, limb oriented with humerus and femur held by a lateral body, and a cloaca

3. Mesozoic to Cretaceous period

4. Land mass of Gondwana

Front 9

Order-Monotremata

1. what does the word monotremate mean?

2. What makes them different than other animals

3. How is milk delivery different than other mammals?

4.what do they use to locate prey?

5. Where are they found today?

Back 9

1. Sewer

2. lackteeth as adults; sutures are hard to see;the rostrum is elongate, beak-like, andcovered by a leathery sheath; and lacrimalbones are absent

3. milk is secreted onto the skin within the pouch and sucked by the babies

4. electroreception

5. Australia, New Guinea

Front 10

1.What organism is this?

2.What structures deliver the poison?

3. what behavior do they have while hunting to take advantage of their electro receptors?

Back 10

1. Duck-billed platypus

2. ankle spurs

3. sides to side motion of the animals head while hunting

Front 11

1.What organism is this?

2. what do they feed on?

3. How do their electro-sensors compare to the platypus

Back 11

1. echidna

2. ants and termites

3. the echinda has 2000 electro receptors compare to the platypus's 40,000

Front 12

Subclass: Metatheria

1. what does the word mean?

2. what do these animals give birth to? What must they attach to?

3. when did they diverge from the ancestors?

4. where are they found today?

Back 12

1. sort of beast

2. larval-like offspring, nipple in the pouch

3. jurassic period

4. Australia, some inhabit America

Front 13

Order: Marsupialia

1. what makes marsupials different from placental mammals?

2. what is unique about their penis and vagina?

3. when and where did they first evolve, when did they reach Australia

Back 13

1. embryo's are fully developed in pouch

2. bifuricated

3. 80 million years ago, Oligocene

Front 14

1.name this organism?

1. what is unique about this animal?

Back 14

1. red kangaroo

2. largest of all kangaroo's, largest mammal native to Australia, largest extant marsupial

Front 15

1. name this organism?

2. where is this only marsupial found? what type of tail do they have? what do they have on their back feet that is similar to primates?

3. how many teeth do possums have? what do they eat?

4. what do they do when confronted by predators?

5. why are they not carriers of rabies?

Back 15

1. virginia opossum

2. Southern California, hairless tail, opposable thumbs

3. 50 teeth, omnivores

4. feign death

5. low body temperature

Front 16

What do koalas eat and what does this cause them to do?

Back 16

1. eucalypt diet, sleep up to 20 hours

Front 17

Subclass: Eutheria

1.What does the word mean?

2. how do they differ from non-eutherian mammals and what does this allow them to do?

3. When did they evolve?

4. Where are they found?

Back 17

1. true beast

2. lack the epubic bones, allows them to run faster

3. 160 million years ago

4. worldwide

Front 18

1. what organism is this?

2.what is the common name of these animals? what do they eat?

3. What modification do they have for their aquatic way of life?

4. what are their closest relative?

Back 18

1. manatee

2.sea cows, herbivores

3. forelimbs modified into arms for steering,hind limbs are two small bones, tail modified into a paddle propulsion

4. elephants

Front 19

Order: Xenartha

1. what does Xenartha mean? Why do these animals have this name?

2. what makes them different than all eutherians and allows the males to have internal testicles?

Back 19

1. strong jaw points, vertebrates have extra articulations

2. the lowest metabolic rate

Front 20

1. what organism is this?

2.what is the shell made out of? why is the armadillo spreading in the U.S.

Back 20

1. armadillo

2. ossified dermal scutes,keratinized epidermal scales,connected by flexible bands of skin. No natural predators to feed on them.

Front 21

1. how many times does the anteater move in and out when feeding? 2.how do they crush their food?

3.they don't produce stomach acid, what do they produce?

Back 21

1. 160 times per minute

2. crushed by palate

3. formic acid

Front 22

1. what are three-toed sloths classified as?

2.what do they use as camouflage?

3. when are they most vulnerable?

Back 22

1. folivores

2. two species of cyanobacteria

3. when they go to urinate and defecate once a week

Front 23

Order:Tubulidentia-aardvark

1. what do aardvarks eat? what is the term for this type of feeder?

2. how are their teeth different than other mammals?

Back 23

1. feed on ants & termites, formicivores

2. teeth have no enamel coating and are worn away, continously growing

Front 24

Order: Proboscidea-elephants

1. how do they use their trunk?

2. how much does the skull comprise of an elephant's body weight? what other changed occurred to the skull to accommodate their size?

3.What adaptions are seen in an elephants foot?

4. Difference between an African Elephant and an Asian Elephant

Back 24

1. like humans use their arms

2. 12-25%, a network of air-cells and cavities to reduce it's weight

3. toes are embedded in a soft cushion elastic fibers and a fatty matrix

4. African elephants: huge ears shaped like africa, tusks on male and females, three nails on backfeet

Asian elephants: smaller ears, tusks on only males, five nails on back feet.

Front 25

Order: Rodentia

1. what % of mammals species are rodents?

2. what are they characterized by?

3. what is their space called between incisors and molars?

4. when did they first appear?

Back 25

1. nearly 40%

2. a single pair of continously growing incisors on upper and lower jaw which is kept short by gnawing

3. diastema

4. palocene period

Front 26

1. what makes them unique among mammals?

2.what other animals are they similar to and why?

Back 26

1. euosocial mammal

2. only mammalian thermoconformer, lack of pain sensation in its skin

Front 27

1. where are beavers found? what characteristics do they have for this life style?

2. what are their homes called? what are they known for?

Back 27

1. semi-aquatic, large flat paddle like tail, large webbed feet

2. lodges, building dams across streams

Front 28

1. what are the two defensive behaviors seen in this animal?

2. what is the only habitat in CA they do not use?

Back 28

1. sand-kicking, super heat and swish around its tail

2. deserts

Front 29

1. what organism is this?

2.What is the name of the defensive coloration seen in this squirrel?

3. what is the name of their nests? what are the two types of nests?

Back 29

1.Western gray-squirrel

2. counter-shading

3. dreys, large, round covered nests and sleeping platform nests

Front 30

1. what organism is this?

2. what adaptions are seen for their existence in the deserts?

Back 30

1. kangaroo rat

2. remains in cool burrows, respiratory moisture condensed in nasal passages, metabolic water derived in seeds, feces dehydrated prior to defecation, urine concentrated

Front 31

1. what is this organism

2. what are they known for?

3. what is the term for how they eat and what does it mean?

4. where are they found?

Back 31

1. Capybara

2. its sweat glands can be found in the surface of its hairy body

3. graminivore, eats grasses and aquatic grasses

4. semi aquatic animals in densely forested areas

Front 32

1. what organism is this?

2.what is the most characteristic feature?

3. what is the term for where they are found? what does it mean?

Back 32

1. pocket gopher

2. their large cheek pouches

3. fossorial, underground

Front 33

1. what is this organism?

2. what does the word Peromyscus mean

3. what is it notorious for?

Back 33

1. California deer rat

2. booted mouse

3. carrier of hanta virus

Front 34

1. what is this organism

2.where can't they be found and why

3. where did they originate and which other mammal is more sucessful

Back 34

1. Norway rat

2. Antartica/Artic, too cold

3. China, humans

Front 35

1. what organism is this?

2.how do they hold their tail? what do they do this for?

3. what is unique about this species of rodents?

Back 35

1. antelope ground squirrel

2. over their back as shade

3. resist hypothermia, can survive body temperatures over 104 degrees F

Front 36

1. what is this organism?

2. what are the four main calls in this animal?

Back 36

1.chipmunk

2. chuck, chip, trill, chipper

Front 37

Order: Lagomorpha

1. what animals does this order include?

2. how are they different from rodents?

3. why do they eat their own feces and what is the process called?

4. when did they first appear in the fossil record?

Back 37

1. rabbits, hares, and picas

2. they have four incisors in the upper jaw and are mostly herbivorous

3. coprophagy, to obtain more nutrients

4. late paleogene or early Eocene

Front 38

1. what is this organism?

2. what are they known for?

Back 38

1. black-tailed rabbits

2. breeding prowess

Front 39

1.what organism is this?

2.what is their anti-predator behavior?

Back 39

1.desert cottontail

2. run away in zig-zags, runs 19mph

Front 40

What are pikas food stacks called? what are they an indicator of?

Back 40

haystacks, global warming

Front 41

Order: Dermoptera

1.what are the gliding membranes called?

2. what are they similar to in their breeding habits? what do they use as a pouch?

Back 41

1.patugium

2. marsupial-like breeding habitats, her wings and tail fold up into a quasi pouch

Front 42

Order: Scandentia

1. what do they have in common with primates?

2. what kind of studies are they often used for?

Back 42

1. similar brain anatomy

2. primate behavior

Front 43

Order: primates

1.what characteristic are shared by all primates? what do most have?

2. when did primate arise?

Back 43

1. large brains related to other animals, stereoscopic vision, most have opposable thumbs

2. late palocene

Front 44

Prosimians

1.what is included in this group?

2. what do they lack? why?

3.what do they all have in common?

Back 44

1. lemurs, lorises, bush babbies, and tarsirs

2. lack color vision, nocturnal

3. two laterally flattened toilet claws

Front 45

Old World Monkeys

1. what is included in this groups?

2.what do they all have in common?

Back 45

1. baboons

2. external nares that are close together, opposable thumbs, calloused ischial tueberosities

Front 46

0.what organism is this?

1.when did they separate from Chimpanzees?

2. where are they found?

3.what do they eat?

4. how can you tell the difference form male/female?

Back 46

0.Gorilla

1. 7 million years ago

2. inhabit forests of Africa

3. folivores

4. Saggital crest in the midline of skull and bigger canines

Front 47

1. what organism is this?

2. when did they diverge from the great apes?

3. where are they usually found

4.what type of social bonds do they have?

Back 47

1. Orangutan

2. 15.7-19.3 million years ago

3. rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo

4. social bonds with mother and mate

Front 48

1. what organism is this?

2. when did the chimps splits from human branch?

3. how are african chimps differ from Bonobos

4. What is their locomotion?

Back 48

1. Chimp(tiny saggital crest)

2. 4-6 million years ago

3. chimps arms are longer than legs, Bonobos are smaller and thinner but longer limbs

Front 49

1. what organism is this?

2. how much DNA do humans share with this organism?

3. what is the chimps diet and this animals diet?

Back 49

1.Bonobo

2. 98%

3. omnivores, frugivores

Front 50

1. what organism is this?

2. what does the word mean?

3. when did they first appear in the fossil record?

4. what basic hominid chracteristics are found in this species?

5. where are these fossils from?

Back 50

1. Australopithecus Afarenis

2. southern ape

3. later pliocene, early pleistoene

4. bipedialism hominid with a small brain and primitive face

5. Eastern Africa

Front 51

1. what organism is this?

2.when did they first appear?

3. how are they similar t A. Afarensis? how are they different? what primitive features did they have?

4.where are these fossils from?

Back 51

1. Australopithecus africanus

2. later pliocene early pleistocene

3.slender build more human-like cranium, ape-like curled fingers

4. Southern Africa

Front 52

1. what organism is this?

2.when did they appear?

3.how does their brain size compare to other australopithecus?

4. what unique characteristics are found in this species

5. where are these fossils from?

Back 52

1. Australopithecus Boisei

2. pleistocene

3. brain volume is smaller and nor larger in comparison

4. large chewing muscles accompanied by sagittal crest

5. Eastern Africa

Front 53

1. what organism is this?

2.when do they appear?

3.what does the name mean? what did they look like? from the neck down, who do they resemble?

4. where was this species found?

Back 53

1. Homo Erectus

2. 1.8 million years ago

3. upright man, extraordinarily slender with long arms and legs, homosapiens

4. Africa but was widely distributed in the old world

Front 54

1.what organism is this?

2. when did they first appear?

3. How much did the Neandethals genes consitute?

4. how did their cranial capacity compare to modern humans?

Back 54

1. Homo Nenanderthalensis

2. 600,000-350,000 years ago

3. 1-4%

4. as large as a modern human if not larger

Front 55

1. what organism is this?

2. when do they first appear?

3. what characteristics characterize humans?

Back 55

1. Homo sapiens

2. 200,000 years ago

3. large brain compared to their body sizem with a well developed neo-cortex, prefrontal lobe, and temporal lobes

Front 56

Order: Carnivora

1. what is the one characteristic shared by all carnivoras?

2. what does the word carnivore mean?

3. where and when did they evolve?

4. where are they found in this world?

Back 56

1. last premolar on upper jaw and first premolar of lower jaw are sectorial teeth

2. devour meat

3. North America, 42 million years ago

4. world wide

Front 57

Felines

1. what type of feeders are they?

2.When do they appear in the fossil record?

Back 57

1. Obligate carnivores

2.Oligocene

Front 58

1. what organism is this?

2. how common are they, what size are they, how do they hunt, where are they found?

Back 58

1.Bobcat

2. common in the U.S., 3 1/2 feet 20 lbs, ambush hunters, North America

Front 59

1. what organism is this?

2. how large? small cat or large cat, how can you tell?

Back 59

1. Mountain Lion

2. 6 ft 220 lbs, small cat, they purr

Front 60

1. what organism is this?

2. how large are they ? what lifestyle do they exhibit? what do they normally hunt?

Back 60

1. African Lion

2. 550 lbs, unusually social , large ungulates

Front 61

1.what organism is this?2. how large are they and what is their niche?

Back 61

1. Tiger

2. 11 ft, 670 lbs and solitary stalker/ ambush hunter

Front 62

1. what organism is this?

2. what size are they, small cat or large cat? How do you tell this organism from a jaguar? what is their secret to their sucess

Back 62

1. Leopard

2. smallest of the large cats, rosettes are more densely packed and don't have a central spot, opportunistic behavior and is unparrelled at climbing trees

Front 63

1.what organism is this?

2. how fast are these organisms and where are they found?

Back 63

1. cheetah

2. 60-70 MPH, African , Middle East

Front 64

Canids

1. what lifestyle do they usually posess?

2. when did they show up?

3. what is Baculum? what is it used for?

Back 64

1. Social animal who live in a group

2. 40 million years ago

3. A copulatory tie used for mating

Front 65

1.What 2 organism are these?

2. what size are the gray wolves, what was once it's claim to fame? how do they hunt and what size prey can they take down?

3. what are male/ female foxes called? how do they differ from other canids, The silver fox is the color phase of what fox?

4. where are red foxes, gray foxes, and arctic foxes found

Back 65

1. Gray Wolf, Fox

2. 95-99 lbs, most widely distributed land mammal, hunt in packs and can takes down prey 10 times its size

3. Reynards, Vixens, aren't always in packs, red fox

4. Northern Atmosphere, Northern South America, Arctic

Front 66

1. what organism is this?

2. what is this organism known for?

3. what is happening to their numbers?

4. how much plant material do they eat?

Back 66

1. Coyote

2. best runner among Canids

3. increasing numbers since they can survive well with humans

4. 40%

Front 67

1. what organism is this?

2. how can you tell the difference between this organism and a brown bear?

3. what is unique about American Black Bears?

Back 67

1. Black bear

2. no hump, shoulder size, smaller size, less concave profile

3. most common bear species

Front 68

1. what makes up a panda's diet?

2. what is unique about the giant panda's paw?

Back 68

1. bamboo, has a thumb

Front 69

1. what are the two most recognized species? unique about brown bears?

Back 69

1. Coastal brown bear and inland grizzle bears, most widely distributed bear

Front 70

Weasel family

1. what do they all have in common?

2. when did they show up on the fossil record?

Back 70

1. small, active predators, long and slender with short legs

2. Miocene

Front 71

1.where are minks found?

2.what are their coats made of?

Back 71

1. North America

2. thick under fur and oily guard hairs

Front 72

1. where are long tailed-weasels found? what do they eat? how do they prefer their prey?

Back 72

1.most of the U.S., obligate carnivores, to be alive or fresh

Front 73

1. what organism is this?

2. how does it capture prey?

Back 73

1. wolverine

2. pouncing on their back and attacking their neck

Front 74

1. what organism is this?

2. what do they eat?

Back 74

1. pine martin

2. opportunistic feeders

Front 75

1. what organism is this?

2. what adaptions do they have to protect themselves against predators? what are they known to hunt with?

Back 75

1. Badger

2. loose skin around their neck, coyotes

Front 76

1. what organism is this?

2. what type of fur do they have? where are they found? how do river otters differ from sea otters?

Back 76

1.sea otter

2. thick, water repellant fur, north american continent, river otters have a more denser fur

Front 77

1. what organism is this?

2.what are their two distinct features?

3. what is the raccoon's original habitat? why have they extended their range?

Back 77

1. raccoon

2. dexterous paws, face mask

3. decidious and mixed forests, adaptability

Front 78

1. how are meerkats different from mongooses?

2. what behavior is seen in meerkats and what is the behavior called?

Back 78

1. they are social

2. one looks out while the other scavenge for food, altruistic behavior

Front 79

1. what do most hyena's eat? what adaptions to their digestive system have been made so they can quickly digest their prey?

2. why do they have a bear-like gait?

Back 79

1. opportunistic feeder, strong digestive enzymes and ability to regurgitate their indigestible food

2. well-developed forequarters and sloping backline

Front 80

Order: Pinnepedia

1. what does the name mean?

2. where are they found?

3. what do their limbs look like?

Back 80

1. fin footed mammals

2. polar and temperate waters

3. flippers

Front 81

Seals vs Sea Lions

Back 81

1. seals front flippers cannot be rotated, rear flipper cannot move forward, have a short neck, no external ears, and no external testicles

Front 82

1.how can you tell the difference between female sea lions and male sea lions?

2. where are California Sea Lions found?

Back 82

1. males are larger, thicker necked, and have a protruding chest

2. Western North America

Front 83

1. what are weddel seals known for?

Back 83

1. deepest diving seals

Front 84

1.what organism is this?

2.what do they eat and how do they do this?

Back 84

1. Crabeater Seals

2. antartic krill , sieve-like tooth structure

Front 85

1. where do leopard seals hunt? what do they feed on? how are they similar to Crabeater seals

Back 85

1. penquin, otter, seals. krill , squid fish. molars to lock together to sieve krill

Front 86

1. what are harbor seals known for?

Back 86

most widely distinguished pinnipeds

Front 87

1. what kind of reproductive strategy do elephant seals exhibit?

2. what is sexual dimorphism?

3.how large are males and how large are females

Back 87

1. Polygyny

2. difference size depending on sex

3. males= 13 ft, 4,500 lbs, females= 10 ft 1500 lbs

Front 88

Order: Perissodactyla

1. how many toes do these animals have?

2. when did they show up in the fossil record?

3. how do they digest food?

Back 88

1. odd-toed

2. palocene-eocene

3. hindgut fermenters

Front 89

horse-family

1. what unique characteristic do they share with humans?

2. what is the only true wild horse today? where are they found?

3. how do Zebra's use their stripes to protect themselves

Back 89

1. capable of sweating for cooling

2. Przewaiski's horse, mongolia

3. dilution effect

Front 90

1. what are rhino's known for?

2. what is the shape of the White Rhino's mouth and what is it used for?

3. how does the black rhino differ from a white rhino

Back 90

1. large horn made of keratin

2. broad mouth used for grazing

3. prehensile lips

Front 91

Certartoidactyla

1. what does this clade include?

2. where did the name come from?

Back 91

1. whales, dolphins, and even-toed ungulates

2. cetacea & artiodactyla merged into one word

Front 92

Pig family

1. how do they differ from others in this order?

2. when did they show up in the fossil record?

Back 92

1. four toes on each foot

2. Eocene

Front 93

Peccary family

1. how do peccaries differ from true pigs?

2. where are peccary found and why?

3. what are the two forms of anti-predator behavior seen?

Back 93

1. nonruminating stomachs

2. water holes, don't thermo-regulate well

3. scatter in all directions and leave on pig behind as sacrifice

Front 94

1. what organism is this?

2. what did this organism evolve into?

Back 94

1. Wild Boar

2. domestic pig

Front 95

1. what organism is this?

2. what teeth make up their musks and what are their warts most likely used for?

Back 95

1. Warthog

2. upper canine teeth, fat reserve

Front 96

How are the brush-tailed possum different from other possums? Where are they from and where are they found now?

Back 96

1. almost fully haired tail, South America, New Zealand

Front 97

1. what organism is this?

2. what is unique about it?

Back 97

1. Sika Deer

2. it has spots even as an adult

Front 98

1. which organism is this?

2. what are fallow deer known for? why are they so wide spread?

Back 98

1. Fallow Deer

2. flat broad antlers, man

Front 99

1. what organism is this?

2. what they they associated with and what does each animal get from this relationship?

Back 99

1. chital deer

2. languars, languars get a heads up from predators and chital deer get increased browse

Front 100

1. what deer is this?

2. where did it get its name from?

Back 100

1. Rusa Deer

2. typically reddish color

Front 101

1. what organism is this?

2. what ritual do they go through?

Back 101

1. red deer

2. males roar, walk parallel, and antler clash

Front 102

1. what organism is this?

2. what is the other name for elk and what does it mean?

Back 102

1. Elk

2. Wapiti, white rump

Front 103

1. where are white-tailed deer found?

Back 103

1. rocky mountains

Front 104

1.Where are mule deer's found?

Back 104

1. West of rockies

Front 105

1.what limits a moose daily feeding time

2.how do they meet their energy and salt requirements?

Back 105

1. losing and gaining body weight

2. eating leaves eating aquatic plants

Front 106

1. what characteristic behavior is seen in Caribou? Why do they do this behavior?

Back 106

1. pawing at snow to reach lichen for their diet

Front 107

1. how many cervical vertebrae do giraffe's have?

2. why did the long neck evolve?

3. how are their teeth adapted for eating leaves off acacia?

4. what do okapi have in common with giraffe? where are they found?

Back 107

1. 7

2. necking

3. teeth are adapted into 3 lobes to comb leaves off trees

4. highly adapted for browsing, Africa

Front 108

1. what are pronghorn known for?

2. what is unusual about Pronghorns?

Back 108

1. speed, endurance, and curiosity

2. they remain territorial

Front 109

Cattle family

1. what do they eat and what is their best sense?

2. from left to right name the buffalo on the walls

Back 109

1. grazzers, smell

2. water buffalo, Banteng, dwarf buffalo, asiatic buffalo, cape buffalo

Front 110

Bovidae- small antelopes

1.what does the name duiker mean in Harvey's duiker? why did this animal get the name?

Back 110

1. diver, diving into tangles of shruberry

Front 111

Grazing Antelopes-open woods(top two impala, bottom two blesbok)

1. how do impala escape?

2. what are blesbok bad at?

Back 111

1. rarely running into water

2. jumping

Front 112

Grazing Antelopes-open woods(wildebeast the first on the left of the computer)

1. what is another name for wildebeest? In east Africa, what claim do wildebeest have? how do they escape predators?

Back 112

1. Gnu, most abundant big-game species, run along in a single file

Front 113

Grazing Antelopes-Open woods(Hartibeest are the four to the right of the computer)

1. how do hartibeest escape predators?

Back 113

1. run a short distance then reassess the situation

Front 114

Bovidae-Spiral Horned Antelope

1. what do they have in common? what are they made of? why are they twisted?

2. what do they eat? why?

3. why are brushbuck considered to be the most dangerous type medium0sized antelope?

Back 114

1. spiraled horns, hollow bone, result of growth pulse

2. high quality food such as fruits, muzzle more slender

3. its will hide after being wounded and charge hunter to impale them

Front 115

Bovidae- spiral horned antelope ( left side is kudu, right side is eland)

1. kudu and eland are said to be what kind of feeders? what is unique about Kudu?

2. what is the name of the structure than hangs down from its neck? what is it used for?

Back 115

1. cover-dependant feeder, extreme sexual dimorphism

2. dewlap, reduce heat

Front 116

Bovidae-Grazing Antelopes-Wetlands(western kob is the one farthest left)

1. what do both sexes of Western Kob have?

Back 116

1. inguinal glands

Front 117

Bovidae-Grazing Anteopes-Wetlands

(the one in the middle and right are reedbuck)

1. what does the reedbuck do when startled or attacked?

Back 117

1. stand still than hide or flee, cautiously check if the danger is gone

Front 118

Grazing Antelopes- Wetlands

(left is water buck, the one to the right is a lechwe,the two above the warthog are water bucks)

1. what do waterbucks release when excited? what name is given to them?

2. where do lechwe do to escape predators and what adaptions help with this?

Back 118

1. a greasy substance, greasy kob

2. run into knee-deep water, they can run exceptionally well in knee deep water.

Front 119

Bovidae-Grazing Antelopes-horse like

(farthest on the left is Gemsbok)

1.where are Gemsbok found and how do they get water

Back 119

1. Desert dwelling, don't depend on drinking water to get water

Front 120

Bovidae-Grazing Antelopes-horse like

(the one to the right of the gemsbok)

1. how do fringed-eared oryx tolerate periods of extreme temperature?

Back 120

1. they can raise the ir body temperature up to 116 degrees F

Front 121

Bovidae-Grazing Antelopes-horse like(the one to the right of the fringed-earred oryx)

1. how do Roans fight?

Back 121

1. strut proudly in a circle before running into each other with their horns

Front 122

Bovidae-Grazing Antelopes-horse like

1. what do sable antelope use their horns for?

Back 122

1. defensive weapons

Front 123

Bovidae-grazing antelopes-gazelles(next to Harvey's Duiker, to the right of the glass of the Chamois)

1. what is the name of behavior seen in Spring boks to avoid predators?

Back 123

1.stotting

Front 124

Bovidae-Grazing Antelopes-Gazelle

(to the right of the cape buffalo, Left is southern Garenuk, right is grant gazelle)

1. what is the grant gazelle known for? what is the cause of this situation?

2. how do Gerenuk feed?

Back 124

1. species diversity, expansion and contraction of their habitats

2. standing on their two legs to get food

Front 125

Bovidae-dwarf antelope

1. what is the reason for their small size?

2. what is the type of feeding seen in dik's dik's

Back 125

1. their diet

2. concrete selectors

Front 126

Bovidae- Goat Antelope

1. where are goat antelope usually found?

2. where did musk ox get their name and what is the substance used for?

3. what do big horn sheep horns weigh and what must they do every three days?

Back 126

1. harsher environments

2. produce musk to attract females

3. 40 lbs, return to waterhole

Front 127

1. how do mountain goats stay on steep hills

2. what pitch are these hills?

Back 127

1. inner pads provide traction and clover hooves that can spread apart

2. pitches exceeding 60 degrees

Front 128

1. what does the physical adaptions give Ibex?

Back 128

1. an advantage over predators because they cannot reach the terrain their on

Front 129

1.what is the mouflan thought to be?

Back 129

1. one of the two ancestors of all modern sheep breeds

Front 130

Cetacea-whale family

1. what are the two main type of whales?

2. how do you tell them apart?

Back 130

1.baleen whales, and toothed whales

2. 66% of species, tooth whales have one blow hole, smaller, teeth and echo location

3. 10 species, larger, two blow holes

Front 131

Order: Chiroptera

1. how many mammalian species are bats?

2. how are they unique?

3. what skull is this?

Back 131

1. 1/4

2. only mammal that can fly

3. fruit bat skull

Front 132

1. what are western pipstrelle bats known for?

Back 132

1. eratic flight pattern

Front 133

Order Insectivora

1. what do they eat?

2. what characteristics do they have?

3. two example of insectivores

Back 133

1. insects

2. small animals and long mobile snouts

3. mole and shrew