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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Essential Components of Food
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Carbohydrates
Protein Vitamins Minerals Fats |
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Simple carbs include
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Monosaccharide‘s (glucose and fructose), found in fruit and honey. Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, and lactose) found in sugar cereal milk.
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Complex carbs include
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Polysaccharides starches, potatoes
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Carbs provide what % of daily caloric needs
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Supply 47% of daily calorie needs
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Protiens are essential for what?
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Essential for growth, repair, maintenance, and regulatory function
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Do protiens come from plants or animals?
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From both animal and plant sources
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Protein provides what % of daily caloric needs?
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20% of daily caloric need,1g yields 4 calories
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what are proteins?
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Complex nitrogenous organic compounds comprised of amino acids
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Amino acids come from what?
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protiens
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how many amino acids are there?
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22
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What are essential amino acids and how many are there?
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9 essential body cannot synthesize sources are called complete proteins
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What are nonessential amino acids and how many are there?
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13 nonessential body can synthesize sources are called incomplete proteins
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What are vitamins?
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Organic compounds required for metabolism
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Which vitamins are water soluble?
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C and B-complex
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Which vitamins are fat soluble?
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A,D,E,& K
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where can you get B12 cobalamin?
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only from animal sources
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What is Steatorrhea?
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fatty stools results from decreased fat soluble vitamins
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What do minerals do?
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Build tissue, regulate fluids, assist in body functions
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What are some major minerals?
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calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphrous, potassium, sodium and sulfer
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How much major minerals do we need?
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Req 1g or more a day
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What are some examples of trace elements?
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chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, zinc
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How much trace minerals do we need?
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minute amounts
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Fats are used for?
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Energy, insulation, padding for organs, carriers of vitamins. Add flavor to food
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1G of fat = ?cal
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9 calories
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What do vegetarians not eat?
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red meat
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What is a lacto-ovo vegetarian?
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they can eat some dairy and eggs
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What do vegans eat?
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only plant food
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what are vegan susceptible to because they eat only plant foods?
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Subject to megaloblastic anemia, and B12 deficiency manifestations-peripheral neuropathy, pallor, dizziness.
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Undernutrition
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state of poor nourishment
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overnutrition
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more than needed
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what happens with scurvy?
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weak, anemia, oral ulcers, Lack of C
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ricketts is a bone disorder where there is a lack of what?
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vit D
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Kwashiorkor, what is it?
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Deficiency of protein intake superimposed by catabolic stress event
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Kwashiorkor, what causes it?
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GI obstruction
Surgery Cancer Malabsorption syndrome Infectious disease |
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In Kwashiorkor, do they people appear malnourished or healthy? have high or low protien levels?
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healthy, low
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Marasmus, what is it?
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Deficit of both protein and calorie
Gen. loss of fat and muscle |
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How do people with Marasmus appear? how are their protein levels?
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Appear wasted may have normal serum protein levels
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what are some causes of malnutrition?
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Socioeconomic status
Cultural influences Psychologic disorders Medical conditions Medical treatments |
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what is Malabsorption Syndrome?
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Impaired absorption of nutrients from the GI tract
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What can cause Malabsorption Syndrome?
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↓ Enzymes
Drug side effects ↓ Bowel surface area |
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Where are vitamin deficiencies rare?
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in developed countries
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Vit deficiencies are usually found in what type of people?
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Alcoholics
Drug abusers Fad diet followers Poorly planned vegetarian diets |
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Obvious clinical signs of inadequate protein/calorie intake apparent in
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Skin
Eyes Mouth Muscles CNS |
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Diagnostic Studies
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Food history for past week
Height Weight VS Physical examination |
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Laboratory studies
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Serum albumin-chronic not acute
Prealbumin-better Serum transferrin-best Electrolyte levels-serum K+ L Complete blood count (L RBC, L Hb)=anemia=impaired tisuse perfusion lymphocyte count L Liver enzymes H Serum levels of vitamins L |
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Anthropometric measurements
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Skinfold thickness—various sites-SQ fat
Midarm circumference-protein Compared with standard for healthy persons |
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Anorexia
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Self imposed wt. loss
Endocrine dysfunction Distorted attitude |
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clinical manifestations of anorexia
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Abnormal wt. loss
Depleted volume-decreased CO Electrolyte imbalances |
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bulemia
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Binge eating with self-induced vomiting
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what are some signs of bulemia?
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Macerated knuckles
dental problems substance abuse |
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Body requires increased ? to heal or grow new tissues
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calories and protein
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