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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe clinical features of carcinoma of the bronchus |
- Typical patient - male 50 yrs, heavy smoker, industrial dust exposure - Symptoms - Persistent dry cough, haemoptysis, wheeze, shortness of breath, anaemia, deep seated pain |
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Clinical features in diagnosis of malignancy |
Lumps Ulcers Bleeding Functional probs Swelling Pain Change in colour Genralised symptoms |
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What are different diagnostic tools for a malignancy |
1. Clinical features and symptoms 2. Endoscopy 3. Microscopy - excisional 4. Diagnostic imaging - xray CAT scan MRI etc 5. Biochemistry - enzymes/antibodies 6. Screening - eg. breast exam |
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What type of treatments are there for malignancy? |
Surgery - early only Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Hormonal |
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What side effects come from radiotherapy? |
Damage to other tissues Oral lifelong effects |
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Early diagnosis of neoplasia is key - what should we be looking at other than just the mouth? |
Face Head Neck |
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Where does leukaemia in children often show signs of first? |
Gingiva |
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Dental relevance of previous history of cancer |
Person has greater risk of recurrence |
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Oral health therapists should be alert for what when it comes to clinical diagnosis of patients in relation to malignancies |
Head and neck malignancies Previous cancer = >increased risk Post cancer treatment complications |
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SIgns and symptoms of Oral cancer |
Swelling/ulcers/enlarged lymph nodes Unusual radiograph finding Dysphagia/anorexia Loss of appetite/loss of weight Infections/gingivitis/candida Anaemia Mobile teeth/pain |
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Name 2 common cancers on the face |
Squamous cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma |
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Describe characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma |
- Common where stratified squamous epithelium found and exposed surfaces - Starts as small mass - Surface breakdown - small ulcer formed - SCC of skin usually cornifies early, is slow to grow - SCC of mucosa more rapid growth
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Characteristics of Basal Cell Carcinoma |
- AKA Rodent ulcer - Found - any part of skin, but usually face near eyes and nose - Starts as flattened papilloma, enlarges over years - Surface eventually breaks down, shallow ragged ulcer appears - Locally invasive growth
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Side effects of cancer treatment in relation to Oral Health |
> Xerostomia (caries/infection) > Osteonecrosis (oral surg/exo complication) > Reduced immunity - Perio disease > Recurrence/secondary cancer |
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Name other neoplasm common in relation to oral health therapy |
Embryonic tissue neoplasm Teratoma Hamartoma Haemanigioma True mixed timor |
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Describe Teratoma |
- THE SCAREY ONE - Variety of different tissues - hair, teeth. nails present in strange sites |
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Describe Hamartoma |
Not quite a tumor Mass of disorganised tissue indigenous to area
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