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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main causes of malformation?
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Genetic
Environmental |
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What is the tetrad of congentinal rubella infection?
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Heart defects, cataracts, deafness, mental retardation
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What is the incidence of malformations in mothers with diabetes mellitus
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6-10%
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What abnormalities are seen in diabetic mothers?
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fetal macrosomia
Cardiac abnomalities Neural tube defects CNS malformations (diabetic embryopathy) |
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What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
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Prenatal and post-natal growth retardation
Facial abnormalities Psychomotor disturbances |
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What facial abnormalities are present in fetal alcohol syndrome?
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Microcephaly
Short palpebral fissures Maxillary hypoplasia |
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What are the two general principles for developmental pathology?
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The timing of the insult is important
Genes that regulate morphogenesis are the target fgor teratogens |
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At what stage is the embryo most susceptible to teratogenic insults? Why?
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Third to Ninth week
(peak sensivity between 4-5th week) Period of organogenesis |
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What is retinoic acid embryopathy?
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Defects in the CNS, heart, facies
Treatment of acne using retinoic acid during conception |
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What is the gene thought to be responsible for retinoic acid embryopathy?
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HOX genes
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