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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 STDs
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Genital herpes
Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis AIDS |
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How big are testes?
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5 centimeters long and 2.5 centimeters in diameter.
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Job of scrotum
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keeps the temperature of the testes slightly lower than that of the rest of the body (about 3 degrees Celsius lower), which is best for sperm production and storage.
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2 layers of scrotum
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1. dermal (dartos)
2. muscular (cremaster) |
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What to muscles in scrotum help to do?
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Warm or cool the testes
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Where do testes develop?
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In abdominal cavity
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When do testes descend into the scrotum?
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in the last month or two of development
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What mass the testes pass through to get to the scrotum?
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inguinal canal
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Job of spermatic cord
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suspends the testes in the scortum
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spermatic cord is made up of?
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blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
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What happens if the testes do not descend on their own or surgical intervention does not take place?
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sterility occurs because the sperm cannot be produced if the temperature is too hot
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What happens when inguinal canal becomes too weak?
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inguinal hernia occurs and is quite common
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Each testi is surrounded by dense connective tissue called
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tunica albuginea.
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How many lobules does each testis have?
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250-300 lobules
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Each lobule in testis contains
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1-3 semi coiled folded seminiferous tubules
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What would a microscopic look at through tubules show?
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spermatogenesis
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What are primary spermatocytes?
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when spermatogonia migrate toward the center of the tubule
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primary speratocytes go through meiotic division. Explain it
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diploid to haploid where chromosomes are halved from 46 to 23
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Each primary spermatocyte divides into two called?
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2 secondary spermatocytes
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The two secondary spermatocytes divided again to form?
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four spermatids
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How long does it take for perm to complete devlopment
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3 weeks
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how many sperm are created each day in a male
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hundreds of millions for the rest of his life
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Which cells lie between seminiferous tubules?
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INTERSTITIAL CELLS
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where is testerosterone produced?
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interstitial cells
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immature sprem pass through the seminiferous tubules and into...
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straight tubules
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from the staright tubules, the immature sperm pass through..
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rete testis (network of tubes)
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From the rete testis, the immature sperm pass through the..
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efferent duct
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From the efferent duct, the sperm go through the
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epididymis
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Where do sperm become mature?
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epididymis
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what are mature sperm called?
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spermatazoa
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Where is the nucleus in the cell of the sperm?
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head
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How many chromosomes are in head of sperm?
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23
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acrosome definition
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cap like structure on head of sperm
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Acrosome contains enzyme to help sperm penetrate egg called..
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hyaluronidase
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the midpiece of the sperm contains..
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mitochondria for energy so the sperm can move
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The tail of the sperm is aka
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flagellum (helps movement)
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Each epidydimis joins with...
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ductus deferens
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ductus deferens ascends through...
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inguinal canal
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ductus deferens curves around...
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the bladder
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the ductus deferens enlarges to form..
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ampulla
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ampulla joins with the..
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duct from the seminal vesicle and it is called the ejaculatory duct
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what helps the sperm move through the lumen of the duct?
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peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens
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The ejaculatory duct enters into the
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urethra
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Vasectomy
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an incision through the ductus deferens, which prevents sperm from leaving the testes
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Both urine and sperm pass through the..
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urethra
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3 parts of urethra
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1. prostatic urethra
2. membranous urethra 3. spongy or penile urethra |
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prostatic urethra
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passes from the bladder through the prostate gland to the membranous urethra.
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membranous urethra
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- passes from the prostatic portion through the urogenital diaphragm, the muscular floor of the pelvic cavity
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spongy or penile duct
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passes through penis
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The duct system that sperm travel through is how long
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8 meters
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3 glands that contribute to ejaculatory secretions
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1. seminal vesicles which contain fructose for energy and prostaglandins which stimulate uterine contractions
2. prostate which secrete basic fluid to aid in motility for sperm 3. the bulbourethral glands, AKA the Cowper's glands which help lubricate |
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ph of semen
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7.35-7.50
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3 erectile tissues in penis
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two dorsal corpora cavernosa, and the one ventral corpus spongiosum
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parasympatheic stimulation helps create ...
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an erection
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During a male orgasm, the bladder sphincter muscle constricts so that..
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no urine can enter the urethra
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function of FSH
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promotes spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules.
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LH is sometimes called..
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interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, or ICSH
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ICSH...
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produces testosterone
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FSH and LH are released from the release of another hormone called...
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GnRH
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genital herpes is caused by
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type 2 herpes simplex virus
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how many people have herpes
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40 million people
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herpes is contagious when...
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lesions are present
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antibiotics cannot help herpe so what alleviates it?
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ointments and drugs
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how many babies dies from herpes if their mother has it?
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1/3
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Gonorrhea caused by
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Neisseria gonorrhea
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Characteristics of gonorrhea
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burning, pus, causes sterilitity, no or few symptoms in women, treated with penicillinbut babies can become blind with eye infections
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Chlamydia is a.k.a.
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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characteristics of chlamydia
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same in men and women, pus, burning, penicilin does not help, causing sterility, danger to babies
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Syphllis also known as
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Treponema pallidum
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characteristics of syphllis
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treated with large antibiotics, not too common, 3 stages (primary (chancre), secondary, tertiary)
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AIDS caused by
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HIV
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Aids virus attacks..
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helper T cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes
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3 stages of Aids
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1. antibodies are produced and found in bloodstream
2. aids-related complex (weight loss, fatigue, fever) 3. pneumonia, skin cancer, death |
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drug to help aids
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AZT (interferes with normal cell division and reduces new lymphocytes from being produced in bone marrow
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