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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three primary roles of the male reproductive system?
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1. Production and transportation of sperm.
2. Deposition of sperm in the female reproductive tract. 3. Secretion of hormones. |
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What are the primary reproductive organs in the male?
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The testes.
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What are the secondary reproductive organs?
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Ducts
(epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra), Sex glands (prostate gland, Cowper's glands, and seminal vesicles), External genitalia (scrotum and penis). |
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These are coiled structures within the testes...
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seminiferous tubules
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What is formed by the seminiferous tubules?
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Spermatozoa (immature sperm).
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What is the process of sperm production called?
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Spermatogenesis
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Where is the male sex hormone Testosterone produced?
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Interstitial cells of the testes that lie between the seminiferous tubules produce Testosterone.
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A comma-shaped structure that is located on the posterior-superior aspect of each testis within the scrotum. It is a very long, tightly coiled structure that measures about 20 feet in length.
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Epididymis
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What tubule does the mature sperm exits the epididymis through?
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ductus deferens
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What is another name for the ductus deferens?
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Vas deferens
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Which duct does the Vas deferens join with to form the ejaculatory duct?
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seminal vesicle
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The urethra extends from the bladder, through the prostate, and ends in a slitlike opening know as the what?
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meatus (ventral side of hte glans, the tip of the penis).
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What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
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The seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands.
These glands produce and secrete seminal fluid (semen), which surrounds the sperm and forms the ejaculate. |
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What does the male external genitalia consist of?
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Penis and scrotum.
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What is another name for the foreskin?
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Prepuce
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Which hormone in women is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the growth and maturity of the ovarian follicles necessary for ovulation?
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FSH
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In women, mature ovarian follicles produces which hormone?
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Estrogen
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Estrogen suppresses the release of which hormone?
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FSH
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What is another hormone that is also secreted by the ovarian follicle and inhibits both GnRH and FSH secretion?
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Inhibin
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What does FSH do in men?
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Stimulates the seminiferous tubules to produce sperm.
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What is GnRH?
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
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Which hormone is necessary to maintain an implanted egg?
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Progesterone
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Which hormone plays a major role in the mestrual cycle of females?
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Progesterone
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Which major hormone is produced by the testes?
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Testosterone
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The first episode of menstrual bleeding is known as what?
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Menarche
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When does menarche usually occur in girls?
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Although normal onset can be as early as 10 years of age in some individuals, menarche usually occurs at approximately 12 to 13 years of age.
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What is the major function of the female ovaries?
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Ovulation and the secretion of hormones.
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The physiologic cessation of menses associated with declining ovarian function is known as what?
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Menopause
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How many years of amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) must a woman experience before being diagnosed as menopausal?
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1 year.
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Changes in Geriatric Men:
Penis |
Decreased subcutaneous fat, decreased skin turgor.
Easily retractable foreskin; decrease in size; fewer substained erections |
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Changes in Geriatric Men:
Testes |
Decreased testosterone production.
Decrease in size; change in position (lower); increase in firmness. |
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Changes in Geriatric Men:
Prostate |
Benign hyperplasia
Enlargement |
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Changes in Geriatric Men:
Breast |
Enlargement
(Gynecomastia) abnormal enlargement. |
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Effects of aging on sexual function: Men
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* Increased stimulation necessary for erection.
* Force of ejaculation decreased. * Decreased ability to attain errection. * Decreased size and rigidity of the penis at full erection. * Decreased libido and interest in sex. |
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Effects of aging on sexual function: Women
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* Decreased vaginal lubrication.
* Decreased sensitivity with labia shrinking and more clitoris exposed. * Difficulty in maintaining arousal. * Difficulty in achieving orgasm after stimulation. * Decreased libido and interest in sex. |
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Which childhood disease has been linked to sterility in men?
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Mumps
Bilateral testicular atrophy can occur secondary to mumps-related orchitis. |
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Oral contraceptive use in women predisposes them to what illnessess?
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The long-term use of both estrogen and progesterone in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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In the physical assessment of the male patient, what is a unique finding when examining the scrotum and testes?
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The left testis usually hangs lower than the right.
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What is a major risk factor for testicular cancer as well as a potential cause of male infertility?
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An undescended testis.
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Who needs to have a DRE (digital rectal examination)?
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* Men with symptom of prostate trouble, such as difficulty in initiating urination and the urge to void frequently.
* This exam should be performed in all men over 50 years of age. |
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Prostate Specific Antigen
(PSA) |
Used to detect prostate cancer. Also a sensitive test for monitoring response to therapy. Normal finding is < 4 ng/ml.
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Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) (flocculation)
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Nonspecific antibody test used to screen for syphilis. Positive readings can be made within 1-2 weeks after appearance of promary lesion (chancre) or 4 - 15 weeks after initial infection.
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Question: A normal reproductive function that may be altered in a patient who under goes a prostatectomy is what?
a. sperm production b. production of testosterone c. production of seminal fluid d. release of sperm from the epididymis |
c. Production of seminal fluid
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Question: Estrogen production by the mature ovarian follicle causes what?
a. decreased secretion of FSH and LH b. increased production of GnRH and FSH c. release of GnRH and increased secretion of LH d. decreased release of FSH and decreased progesterone production |
c. release of GnRH and increased secretion of LH
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Question: The examination technique used to evaluate the prostate involves what?
a. palpation b. percussion c. inspection d. auscultation |
a. palpation
(digital rectal exam a.k.a DRE) |
