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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Doubled-layered mesothelial sac covering the anterolateral surface of each testis? |
Tunica Vaginalis |
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Dense irregular connective tissue capsule that thickens posteriorly to form the mediastinum testis? |
Tunica Albuginea |
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Contains rete testes, larger lymphatic and vascular vessels? |
Mediastinum Testis |
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Site of spermatogenesis from spermatogonia? |
Seminiferous Tubules |
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Contains Sertoli/sustentacular cells? |
Seminiferous Tubules |
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Found between seminiferous tubules and secretes testosterone? |
Interstitial/Leydig cells |
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Layer of the seminiferous tubules that contain sertoli/sustentacular cells? |
Innermost stratified seminiferous/germinal epithelium |
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Myoid cells are found where? |
Middle layer of seminiferous tubules that is attached to well-defined basal lamina |
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Outer layer of seminiferous tubules is composed of what? |
Thin layer of fibrous connective tissue containing isolated fibroblasts |
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Cells closest to the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules? |
Spermatogonia |
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What is released into the seminiferous tubule lumen? |
Spermatozoa |
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Where are spermatogenic cells derived from? |
Embryonic yok sac endoderm |
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Stages in spermatogenesis? |
Spermatogonia-->primary spermatocytes-->secondary spermatocytes--> spermatids--> spermatozoa |
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Appearance of interstitial cells? |
Large round pale nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and pale acidophilic cytoplasm |
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What is the complex process of differentiation and maturation through which spermatids become spermatozoa? |
Spermiogenesis |
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Steps in spermiogenesis? |
Acrosome forms-->centriole migration to posterior pole to form flagella-->shift of cytoplasm towards flagella-->mitochondria migrates towards flagella-->nuclear chromatin condense-->machete surrounds nucleus-->sloughing of excess cytoplasm |
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What is manchette ? |
Cylindrical band of microtubules |
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Which cells are responsible for phagocytosis of residual bodies and secretion of fluid for sperm transport? |
Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules |
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Which cells are responsible for secretion of Mullerian-inhibiting substance? |
Sertoli cells |
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What is the purpose of blood-testis barrier? |
Protection of developing spermatocytes from autoimmune attack |
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Tight occluding junctions between Sertoli cells and continuous capillaries form what? |
Blood-testis barrier |
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What compartments does the blood-testis barrier separate the seminiferous tubules into? |
Basal and Adluminal compartments |
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What does 'immunologically privileged site' imply? |
Inaccessible to blood-borne substances, except those specifically taken up by Sertoli cells |
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What tubules are straight tubes that connect the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis? |
Tubuli récit |
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What cells are found in the tubule recti? |
Spermatogenic cells replaced by Sertoli cells in the initial segment, then cuboidal epithelium and dense CT in main segment |
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What is the interconnected network of channels lined by cuboidal epithelium embedded within the connective tissue of the mediastinum? |
Rete testis
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Rete testis drains into what ducts lined by groups of cuboidal cells alternating with groups of ciliated columnar cells? |
Efferent ductules |
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What intratesticular duct is responsible for a current that sweeps sperm towards the epididymus? |
Efferent ductules |
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What excretory genital duct is a single highly coiled tube that forms the body and tail of the epididymus? |
Ductus epididymus
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The ductus deferens (vas deferens) is what kind of tube? |
Single straight tube with thick muscular wall; connects epididymus to ejaculatory duct during ejaculation |
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What is formed by the ductus deferens and duct of seminal vesicle? (also connects prostate to urethra) |
Ejaculatory duct
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This is the site of sperm maturation and storage, water absorption, enzyme and glycoprotein secretion. |
Ductus epidiymus |
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The ductus epididymus is lined by what type of cells? |
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium; long branched stereo cilia |
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Underlying smooth muscle layer of the ductus epididymus serves what function? |
Move sperm along |
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Layers of the ductus (vas) deferens? |
Muscular layer, pseudo stratified colunar epithelium with sparse steriocilia of mucosa, mucosal folded lumen |
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What is the spermatic cord formed of? |
Ductus (vas) deferens, testicular artery paminiform plexus, and nerves |
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This segment of the urethra is lined with transitional epithelium and receives prostatic and ejaculatory ducts |
Prostatic segment |
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What segment of the urethra is lined with pseudo stratified columnar epithelium and is encircled by urogenital diaphragm? |
Membranous segment of urethra |
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This segment of the urethra is lined by pseudo stratified columnar epithelium that changes to stratified squamous at the widening of urethral opening |
Cavernous segment |
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Glands of Littre are located where? |
Cavernous segment of the urethra |
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What are the seminal vesicles (vesicular glands)? |
Two highly coiled tubes that develop as outgrowths of the ductus deferens |
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Appearance of seminal vesicles? |
Highly folded mucosa of simple or pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with primary, secondary, and tertiary branching
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Where is semen secreted from? |
Seminal vesicles
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Components of semen? |
Fructose, citrate, inositol, prostaglandins, and proteins |
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What is the ejaculatory duct formed by? |
Seminal vesicles and ductus deferens joining; lined with pseudo stratified columnar epithelium |
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What glands compose the prostate gland? |
Compound tubuloalveolar glands |
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Appearance of prostate gland? |
Folded mucosa of tall cuboidal to pseudo stratified columnar epithelium; 30-50 compound tubuloalveolar glands |
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What divides the gland into lobes? |
Septa; extensions of capsule |
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The prostate secretes prostatic fluid that contains what? |
Citric acid, acid phosphatase, amylase, fibrinolysin, and lipids |
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This develops in the prostate with age |
Corpora amylacea (small glycoprotein spheres) |
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What is the most common site of prostate cancer? |
Peripheral zone; outer area closest to rectum |
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What is the most common site for benign prostatic hyperplasia? |
Transition zone; innermost section that surrounds the upper portion of the urethra |
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These tubuoloalveolar secretory units are lined by alkaline mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium |
Bulbourethra/Cowper's glands |
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What is the purpose of the bulbourethral/cowper's glands?
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Clear urethra of urine, and coats and lubricates the urethral lining during erection and ejaculation |
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What does erectile tissue consist of? |
Irregular networks of fibrous connective tissue trabecular containing smooth muscle fibers; interconnected vascular sinuses |
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What fills with blood during an erection? |
Venous cavernous spaces lined wby endothelial cells |
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Parasympathetic stimulation of erectile tissue? |
Relaxes smooth muscle; dilates helicine arteries-> increased blood flow to cavernous spaces--> filled spaces compress veins against tunica albuginea--> blocks outflow of blood to maintain rigidity of cylinders |
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Sympathetic stimulation of erectile tissue? |
Constricts helcine arteries-> decreases blood flow-->lowers pressure-->veins open and drain |
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