Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
During an testicular ultrasound of a 42 year old male there were incidental findings of anechoic, well-defined, circular lesions with posterior enhancement on his epididymis heads bilaterally. They measured around 1 cm by 1cm so they could not be palpated on physical exam and were painless for the patient. The patient also stated he had Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
|
Epididymis Cysts differential=spermatocele
|
|
|
A 75 year old man went to the doctor because of painful urination and nocturia. He was diagnosed with prostatitis and a urinary tract infection. During the ultrasound there was an incidental finding of a anechoic, well-defined, circular lesion with posterior enhancement in the transitional zone of his prostate. His doctor told him not to worry because this was a benign finding.
|
Prostate Cyst
|
|
|
36 year old male comes in for scheduled scrotal ultrasound to assess for infertility. The right testicle appears normal measuring 4cm x 3cm x 3cm with good color flow. The left testicle measures 3.5cm x 2.8cm x 3cm which appears normal but the sonographer detects a group of anechoic tubular structures located outside of the testicle. Color doppler is used and the patient is told to valsalva, which makes the tubular structures fill with color.
|
Varicocele
|
|
|
42 year old male had a recent CT of his brain which detected mets. Labs were done after wards and an elevated hCG level was detected. His family Dr sends him for a scrotal ultrasound. The patient reports to the sonographer that he has a history of cryptorchidism which they did not fix until he was 10. Ultrasound detects a heterogeneous mass in the right testicle which has areas of hemorrhage, necrosis, and calcifications. A biopsy is performed and the patient is told he needs a orchiectomy.
|
Choriocarcinoma (testicular)
|
|
|
78 year old male is referred by his family physician after presenting with back and hip pain, and blood in his urine. A digital rectal exam was done in the office which found an enlarged prostate. His lab work also revealed an elevated PSA. A prostate ultrasound was performed and a hypoechoic mass was found in the peripheral zone. Color doppler revealed that the mass was hypervascular. A biopsy was performed and the patient was informed that he had the most common cancer found in men.
|
Prostate Cancer (adenocarcinoma)
|
|
|
A 14 year old boy woke up in the middle of night with severe scrotal pain that caused nausea and vomiting. His mother rushed him to the emergency room where an ultrasound was ordered. On ultrasound the left testical and epididymis were enlarged and anechoic, a hydrocele was present, and no intratesticular blood flow was noted on the left. The mother informed everyone that her son had a condition know as "bell-clapper deformity". The boy was rushed to the operating room.
|
Testicular Torsion
|
|
|
A 40 year old man went to his doctor because he felt a painless lump in his right testicle. Ultrasound was ordered and a complex mass was seen on the right testicle. The mass appeared to contain a tooth! Lab work came back and both hCG and Alphafeta protein were elevated.
|
Scotal Teratoma (benign with malignant potential)
|
|
|
CLINICAL: A 40 year old male presents to the outpatient center with an enlarged scrotum. The patient indicates that the symptoms began after he had a mountain biking accident. He eventually saw his family doctor who ordered an ultrasound.
U/S: Ultrasound revealed a large anechoic space between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis in the anterior aspect of the right testis. Doppler demonstrated normal flow in the testicle, and torsion was ruled out. |
HYDROCELE
|
|
|
CLINICAL: A 30 year old male was scheduled to have an ultrasound of his scrotum after presenting to his family doctor with intermittent scrotal pain.
U/S: Ultrasound revealed 2 left testicular masses. The masses had well-marginated homogeneous appearances, measured 5 mm. and 4 mm. in diameter and demonstrated peripheral flow. |
LEYDIG’S TUMOR
|
|
|
A 65 year old male is referred for an ultrasound after his yearly physical when he informed his physician that he had been experiencing frequent, low-volume urination.
LABS: PSA levels were normal U/S: A prostatic ultrasound revealed a large, homogenous gland with echogenic nodules. |
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY
(BPH) |
|
|
An 18 year old male comes in for a painless, palpable right scrotal lump. Ultrasound reveals a 4.0 cm anechoic, avascular mass with smooth borders located in the head of the epidymis. This contains some debris.
|
Spermatocele
|
|
|
37 year old male comes in for a scrotal ultrasound after finding a palpable lump in his left testicle. Labwork shows an increased AFP. Ultrasound reveals a 3.0 cm heterogeneous mass with areas of hemorrhage and calcifications.
|
Yolk Sac Tumor
|
|
|
57 year old male comes in for a prostate ultrasound after labs show an increase Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) level. He has a history of repeated urinary tract infections. The prostate appeared highly vascular and enlarged. The patient was treated with antibiotics
|
Prostatitis
|
|
|
A 67 year old male came in for a scrotal ultrasound because of painless swelling of the left testicle. Labs showed an increase in AFP and HCG. Ultrasound showed a hypoechoic mass on the left testicle. The mass had ill-defined margins, shadowing and six echogenic foci. This is the second most common malignancy of the testicle. Radiation is ineffective for this malignancy and there is only a five year survival rate.
|
Embryonal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
A 19 year old male comes for a scrotal ultrasound because of a palpable mass in the right testicle. He has gynecomastia and labs showing an increase in estrogen. Ultrasound shows diffusely echogenic testicles with multiple cystic masses arranged in spoke wheel formations. These tumors make up less than 1% of testicular tumors. Malignant potential is rare but orchiectomy is recommended as treatment.
|
Sertoli cell tumor
|
|
|
A 12 year old male is brought to the ER after getting into a fight at school during which he was hit in the crotch. The patient reports pain and swelling of his scrotum. Labs show a decreased hematocrit. An ultrasound is ordered and shows an enlarged left testicle with irregular borders and hypoechoic areas. The right testicle is slightly enlarged but echogenicity is normal.
|
Testicular rupture
|
|
|
A 54 year old male comes in for a scrotal ultrasound. He is asymptomatic and his labs are normal. The ultrasound reveals normal testicles but on the right there are two, mobile, echogenic, shadowing, 5mm masses that are neither connected to the testicle nor the scrotal wall.
|
: Scrotal Pearls
|
|
|
A 50 year old male is seen by his MD for a painless scrotal mass and hardening of his testicle. His blood work revealed an increase in HCG. An ultrasound showed a hypo echoic, solid, intratesticular mass in his right testicle.
|
Siminoma- commonly seen in men with cryptorchidism. MC malignant neoplasm of the testicle
|
|
|
A 60 year old male is sent for an ultrasound because of a painless palpable mass in his right testicle. He was seen the week before for epididymitis. US shows numerous small tubular cystic structures within the rete testis. His MD explains that this is a benign process and is something that develops with epididymitis.
|
Tubular Ectasia of Rete Testis
|
|
|
An 18 year old male is seen in the emergency department for sudden onset testicular pain. He had experienced no injury and explained to the physician that he had just gotten out of bed when the pain started. Physical examination revealed an absent cremasteric reflex and the painful testicle lying in a horizontal position. Ultrasound showed no Doppler signals within the testicle.
|
Bell Clapper Syndrome aka Winter Syndrome- Torsions are sometimes called "winter syndrome". This is because they often happen in winter, when it is cold outside. The scrotum of a man who has been lying in a warm bed is relaxed. When he arises, his scrotum is exposed to the colder room air. If the spermatic cord is twisted while the scrotum is loose, the sudden contraction that results from the abrupt temperature change can trap the testicle in that position. The result is a testicular torsion.
|
|
|
An ultrasound was ordered for a 52 year-old male with persistent scrotal swelling, abdominal pain and blood in stool. A scrotal mass was identified superior to the right testicle. The mass appeared as a heterogeneous, folded tubular structure with bright foci within (air). Peristalsis was noted.
|
SCROTAL HERNIA (aka inguinal hernia)
|
|
|
24-year-old male is seen in ER for acute testicular pain, fever, dysuria and urethral discharge. Patient states he has recently become sexually active with his new girlfriend. Ultrasound reveals diffuse enlargement of both left epididymis and left testicle, displaying hypoechoic echotexture and increased vascularity. Scrotal wall measured 10 mm.
|
EPIDIDYMITIS/ORCHITIS (Epididymoorchitis)
|
|
|
Male, 32, had a retroperitoneal ultrasound for possible kidney stones. Examination came back normal, but sonographer noted an incidental finding. The transverse view of bladder showed a round, well-defined, anechoic mass with through transmission posterior to the bladder, anterior to the rectum. Asymptomatic; no treatment was necessary unless bothersome symptoms develop.
|
SEMINAL VESICLE CYSTS
|
