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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the Scrotum |
Fibromuscular pouch of skin that contains the testes |
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Intrascrotal pain |
True Testicular pain is not Intrascrotal but reported in abdomen |
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What causes Intrascrotal pain? |
Ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nervevs |
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Describe the Penis |
Corpus Spongiosum on urethral side of penis and surrounds Corpus Cavernosa made up of spongy like tissue with irregular blood filled spaces Sexual stimulation causes blood to fill in Cavernosa - 90% |
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Describe the Testicles |
Primary Reproductive organ Datros muscle and spermatic cord suspend the testicle in scrotum |
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What is contained in the spermatic cord? |
Ductus deferens, testicular arteries and veins, spermatic plexus, lymph vessels |
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Describe the Epididymes |
Sperm are stored here before ejaculation They will travel up through the ductus defens to seminal vesicle |
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Describe the Ductus Deferens |
Extends from the spididymis to seminal vesicle 45cm long Transports sperm from Epid to ejaculatory duct and urethra |
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Describe the seminal vesicle |
Seminal fluid produced Ejaculatory ducts causes reflex action of ejaculation |
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Where is the prostate gland? |
Directly below the bladder and surrounds the urethra |
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Function of the Prostate gland |
Produce portions of contents of semen Assist in ejaculation of semen Act as muscular valve to prevent retrograde ejaculation and retrograde urination |
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Reasons for Prostate gland enlargement |
Common for men over 60 Benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostate cancer tumor growth |
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How to eval Benign prostatic Hyperplasia |
Rectal exam Urinalysis Transrectal ultrasound Urodynamic study Biopsy |
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Describe a urinalysis |
signs of infection in urine |
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Describe PSA Blood Test |
Prostate create protein and men with prostate cancer have a higher amount in their blood |
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Cystoscopy |
Blockage or stones in the urinary tract |
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Transrectal ultrasound |
Image shows the size of the prostate and any abnormalities |
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Uroflowmetry |
Measures how rapidly the bladder releases urine |
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Describe BPH |
Abnormal Growht of periurethral tissue Compression of urethral opening Dependant on testosterone Does not cause cancer Slow progression |
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Symptoms of BPH |
Inc Urinary fq Incomplete emptying Cannot delay urination Weak stream Urinary retension Pain after urination or ejaculation |
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Complications of BPH |
Urinary Retention Blood in Urine UTI Bladder Damage Kidney Damage Bladder Stones |
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Treatment for BPH |
Alpha Blockers - Relax smooth muscles of prostate Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors - ED 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors - Block DHT production which may cause growth |
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Diagnosis Prostate Cancer |
PSA test -Below 4 = normal -Between 4 -10 = Slightly elevated -Above 10 - cancer likely Gleason Score -2-10 pt scale rating the deformity of prostate cells after a biopsy has been taken |
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Treatment for Prostate Cancer |
Surgical radical prostatectomy Radiation Cryotherapy Hormonal Therapy |
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Possible causes of Incontinence |
Sphincter deficiency Decreased Bladder compliance Detrusor instability |
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Describe Behavioral Modification |
Scheduled Voiding Prompting pt to urinate at designated time - every two hours Maintain Dryness |
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Describe Management Therapy |
Avoid irritable fluids/food Caffeine Citric Acid Carbonated Drinks Alcohol |
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Common errors during PFM |
Holding Breath
Bearing down valsalva Tightening abs/buttocks/adductors |
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Typical Hyponous Medical Diagnoses |
Chronic Prostitis Levator Ani Syndrome Coccydynia Pudendal Neuroaglia Chronic Constipation Voiding Dysfunction |
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Categories of Chronic Prostatitis |
Category 1: Acute Bacterial Category 2: Chronic Bacterial Category 3: Chronic Non-Bacterial Category 3a: WBC in prostatic fluids Category 3b: No WBC found Category 4: Asymptomatic Inflammatory |
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Symptoms of Pudendal Nueropathy |
Aggravated by prolonged sitting Numbness, hypersensitivity, or paresthesia of penis and scrotum Pain within and around the peripheral nerve field Voiding dysfunction of the bowels and bladder Sexual Dysfunction |
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MOI for Pudenal Neuropathy |
Compression Tension or traction Chronic Aberrant nerve stimulation Surgery Related |
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Description of pain for Pudendal Neuropathy |
Knot between legs Sitting on a gold ball Tip of penis burns Testicles ache Burning feeling in groin area |
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Aggravating factors |
Prolonged sitting Running Lifting heavy Holding back urge to urinate Ejaculation Riding a bicycle |
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Easing factors |
Standing up Sitting on toilet Warm bath Post bowel movements Post Urination |
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Soft tissue assessment |
All patients with pelvic pain present with conenctive tissue restrictions -thighs, abdomen, and gluteal region |
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What is Subcutaneous Panniculosis |
Inc thickness of subcutaneous tissue with a cute tenderness upon pinch - rolling in the subcutaneous tissue Ischemia Hypersensitivity Hyper Plasia Causes localized pain and inflammation of distant organs |
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Types of trigger point release |
Contract relax Skin Rolling Static Pressure Strumming |
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Goals of Trigger point release |
Restore Pliability Restore Circulation Inc Tolerance to pressure Restore neural mobiltity |
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What does Biofeedback tell us |
Resting tone levels Endurance Speed Quality of recruitment Reflexive contraction |
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Pelvic Floor Drops D2 |
Use of Hip flexors, abd, and ER to turn off pelvic floor To do drops 3 positions -Squatting -Prone -Childs Pose |
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Describe stretching for Perineum |
Full squat against the wall Piriformis, iliopsoas, and adductor stretches |
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Goals of Connective Tissue Manipulation |
Improved circulation Restore tissue integrity Decrease Ischemia Reduce chemical irritants |
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Describe Relaxation technique |
High anxiety personality Sympathetic nervous system override -Diaphragm breathing -Stress avoidance -Coping Mechanism changes |
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Fluid modification |
Clear water 50-80oz Avoid irritable foods -Caffine, citric acid, carbonated drinks, alcohol |
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Bladder retraining |
Inc of voiding intervals 2-4hrs Delay of voiding Urge suppression -PFM contract and inhibit para -Cognitive distraction -Pudendal inhibitory loop |
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Voiding Modification |
Relaxation of PFM Prevent Straining Stimulate Squat |
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Lifestyle Modification |
-Improvementin posture -IncreaseLE exercise frequency -Stressreduction -Diaphragmaticbreathing -AvoidAggravating factors |
