Male Genitalia

Front 1

Structures include

Back 1

Penis, scrotum- external, testis, epididymis, vas deferens-internally

Front 2

Penis

Back 2

Composed of three cylindric columns of erectile tissue.

Two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side and the corps spongiosum ventrally

Front 3

Glans

Back 3

At the distal end of the shaft the corps spongiosum expands into a cone of erectile tissue- the glans.

The shoulder where the glans join the shaft is called Corona.

Front 4

Urethra

Back 4

A conduit for both the genital and the urinary systems. Forms a slit at the glans tip called the foreskin or prepuce.

The frenulum is a fold of foreskin extending from the urethral meatus ventrally

Front 5

Scrotum

Back 5

A loose protective sac, which is a continuation of the abdominal wall. The scrotal wall consists of thin skin lying in folds, or rugae

Front 6

Cremaster muscle

Back 6

Controls the size of the scrotum by responding to ambient temperature. 3 degrees below abdominal temperature

Front 7

Testis

Back 7

Produces the sperm. A septum separates the scrotum into 2 halves- each scrotal half is a testis

Front 8

Epididymis

Back 8

Sperm is transported along a series of ducts. This is the first- it's a coiled duct system and the main storage site of sperm

Front 9

Vas deferens

Back 9

The lower part of the epididymis is continuous with a muscular duct. Approximates with other vessels to form the spermatic cord. Vas deferens runs back and down behind the bladder where it joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

Front 10

Lymphatics

Back 10

Penis and scrotal surface drain into the inguinal lymph nodes. Testes drain into the abdomen.

Front 11

Inguinal area (groin)

Back 11

The juncture of the lower abdominal wall and thigh

Front 12

Femoral canal

Back 12

Inferior to the inguinal ligament. 3 cm medial to arms parallel with the femoral artery

Front 13

Infants

Back 13

Prenatally the testes develop in the abdominal wall. In later months, the testes migrate, pushing the abdominal wall in front, dragging the vas deferens, blood vessels, and nerves behind. At birth each testis measures 1.5-2 cm long and 1 cm wide.

Front 14

Adolescent

Back 14

Signs of puberty averages at age 9 for African American boys and age 10 for caucasians. The first sign is enlargement of the testes. Next pubic hair appears and then penis size increases.

Front 15

Aging adult

Back 15

Older men do not experience a definite end to fertility. Sperm production decreases around age 40. Testosterone production declines after age 30. The amount of pubic hair decreases and turns grey. Testes decrease in size.

Decreased tone of the dartos muscle, the scrotal contents hang lower, the rugae decreases, and scrotum looks pendulous.

Front 16

Subjective data

Back 16

1. Frequency, urgency, and nocturia

2. Dysuria

3. Hesitancy and straining

4. Urine color

5. Past genitourinary history

6. Penis- pain, lesion, discharge

7. Scrotum, self care behaviors, lumps

8. Sexual activity and contraception use

9. Sexually transmitted infection contact

Front 17

Average adult voids

Back 17

5-6 times/day, varying with fluid intake

Front 18

Polyuria

Back 18

Excessive quantity

Front 19

Oliguria

Back 19

Diminished, less then 400ml/24 hours

Front 20

Dysuria

Back 20

Pain while urinating. Burning it's common with acute cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis

Front 21

Urge incontinence

Back 21

Involuntary urine loss from overactive detrusor muscle in bladder

Front 22

Stress incontinence

Back 22

Involuntary urine loss with physical strain, sneezing, or coughing caused by weakness of the pelvic floor

Front 23

Phimosis

Back 23

Narrowed, opening of prepuce so can not retract foreskin

Front 24

Paraphimosis

Back 24

Painful constriction of glans by retracted foreskin. Can't return to its original position. Construction impedes circulation

Front 25

Hypospadias

Back 25

Ventral location of meatus

Front 26

Epispadias

Back 26

Dorsal location of meatus

Front 27

Palpate the upper right thigh- remember NAVEL

Back 27

nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymphatics

Front 28

Self care

Back 28

Encourage self care from 13 to 14 years old through adulthood.

T- timing, once a month

S- shower, warm water relaxes scrotal sac

E- examine, check for changes, report changes immediately

Front 29

Creatinine

Back 29

Normal range 0.7-1.5 mg/dl.

An end product of muscle metabolism

Front 30

(BUN) Blood Urea Nitrogen

Back 30

Normal range 10-20mg/dl

Measures urea, an end product of protein metabolism

Front 31

Cryptorchidism

Back 31

Undescended testes. Common in premature infants

Front 32

Hydrocele

Back 32

A common scrotal finding in boys younger then 2 years old. A cystic collection in the tunica vaginalis, surrounding the testes.

Fluid in the scrotum

Front 33

Urine color- cloudy

Back 33

Urinary tract infection, kidney stones

Front 34

Urine color- pale yellow

Back 34

Coolest, watery with excess liquids.

Acute viral hepatitis, cirrhosis

Front 35

Urine color- amber

Back 35

Gold or concentrated with dehydration. Some laxatives, food or supplements with B-complex vitamins

Front 36

Urine color- orange

Back 36

Medication side effect, rifampin for meningitis, pyridium, warfarin. Some foods, food dyes, laxatives, dehydration, jaundice

Front 37

Urine color- red

Back 37

Blood in the urine. Nephritis, cystitis, cancer (prostate, bladder). Following prostate surgery

Front 38

Urine color- pink

Back 38

Some foods, beets, berries, food dyes, some laxatives, kidney stones, urinary tract infection

Front 39

Urine color- tea

Back 39

Liver disease, especially with pale stools, jaundice, myoglobinuria, some medications or food dyes, blood in the urine

Front 40

Urine color- dark grey

Back 40

Urine contains melanin, melanuria

Front 41

Urine color- blue

Back 41

Medication side effect: amitriptyline, indocin. Foods- asparagus. Dye after prostate surgery

Front 42

Urethritis (urethral discharge and dysuria)

Back 42

Infection in urethra causes painful, burning urination or pruritus. Meatus edges are reddened, everted, or swollen. Urine is cloudy with discharge. 40% caused by chlamydia infection

Front 43

Renal caliculi

Back 43

Renal stone's (Crystals of calcium oxalate or uric acid) form in kidney tubules and then migrate and become urgent when they pass into ureter, lodged, and obstruct urine flow. Causes abrupt, severe flank pain with radiation to groin or abdomen.

Front 44

Acute urinary retention and urinary tract infection

Back 44

Inability to pass urine with bladder distention and lower abdominal pain. Common in older men, causes UTI.

Front 45

Urethral stricture

Back 45

Pinpoint, constructed opening at meatus or inside along urethra. occurs congenitally or secondary to urethral injury

Front 46

Tinea Cruris

Back 46

A fungal infection in the crural fold, not extending to scrotum. "Jock itch"

Front 47

Genital herpes

Back 47

Clusters of small vesicles with surrounding erythema, which are often painful and erupt on the glans, foreskin, or anus. They rupture to form superficial ulcers. May garner milled tingling or shooting pain

Front 48

Genital warts

Back 48

Soft, pinpointed, moist, fleshy, painless papules may be single or multiple in cauliflower like patch. Caused by HPV

Front 49

Syphilitic chancre

Back 49

Begins within 2-4 weeks of infection, as a small, solitary, silvery papule that erodes to a red, round, or oval superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous drainage

Front 50

Hypospadias

Back 50

A commercial disorder of the urethra where the urethral meatus opens on the ventral (under) side of the glans or shaft. Surgical correction can occur at 3 months or older

Front 51

Priapism

Back 51

Prolonged painful erection of penis without sexual stimulation or unrelieved by sex or masterbation.

Front 52

Phimosis

Back 52

Nonretractable foreskin forming a pointy tip with a tiny orifice. Foreskin is advanced and so tight that it is impossible to retract over glans

Front 53

Epispadias

Back 53

Meatus opens on the dorsal (upper) side of the glans or shaft above a broad, spadelike penis. Rare

Front 54

Peyronie disease

Back 54

Hard, non tender, subcutaneous plaques on dorsal or lateral surface palpated by stretching the penis. Painful bending of the penis

Front 55

Immediate action if discharge from urethra is noted

Back 55

Collect a smear and culture

Front 56

How to palpate for nodule or induration at shaft of penis

Back 56

Palpate between thumb and first 2 fingers

Front 57

Foreskin is fixed in a retracted position and glans are swollen. What do you do first

Back 57

Emergency treatment. Constriction of venous and lymphatic flow

Front 58

Paraphimosis

Back 58

A condition where the foreskin can not be slipped forward once it's retracted.

Front 59

Spermatocele

Back 59

A retention cyst in the epididymis filled with milky fluid containing sperm

Front 60

Epididymis location

Back 60

On top and behind the testicle

Front 61

Varicocele

Back 61

Painful testicles. Feels like a bag of worms when palpating. Veins collapse when patient is supine and refill when they stand upright

Front 62

Warfarin

Back 62

Causes the urine to be bright orange. Same with rifampin and pyridium

Front 63

When palpating the inguinal canal

Back 63

Have patient stand with weight on the opposite leg being examined