Male And Female Reproductive Systems

Front 1

What gives rise to the primary sex cords?

Back 1

coelomic epithelium (somatic mesoderm)

Front 2

What so the sex cords give rise to?

Back 2

cortex and medulla of the gonads

Front 3

Where are the primary germ cells found before they incorporate to their final location?

Back 3

allantois, yolk sac endoderm

protect from signaling molecules

Front 4

What gives rise to the germ cells and when?

Back 4

epiblast

Week 2

Front 5

What gives rise to sertoli cells and what is their function?

Back 5

coelemic epithelium

nurture sperm

Front 6

What gives rise to interstitial cells and what is their function?

Back 6

intermediate mesoderm

structure

Front 7

What gives rise to thecal cells and what is their function?

Back 7

intermediate mesoderm

structure

Front 8

What gives rise to follicle cells and what is their function?

Back 8

coelemic epithelium

environment

Front 9

Describe the path of the primordial germ cells.

Back 9

1. arise from epiblast (W2)

2. migrate through primitive streak to the yolk sac/allantois

3. migrate to the gonadal ridge via dorsal mesentary during the 5th week

Front 10

What is oogenesis?

Back 10

increase in number of eggs by mitosis, gradually decline as age progresses

Front 11

What phase of meiosis are eggs suspended in during ovulation?

Back 11

meiosis I

Front 12

What occurs at fertilization?

Back 12

meisosis II

Front 13

What is the central event?

Back 13

differentation of testes (genotype)

Front 14

What are the secondary events?

Back 14

production of humoral factors by gonads to give phenotype

Front 15

What is the SRY?

Back 15

Sex-determining region of the Y-chromosome

Front 16

What happened to XY mice that lacked the SRY?

Back 16

female

Front 17

What happened to XX mice with transgenic SRY?

Back 17

male

Front 18

If SRY is present, what does it activate?

Back 18

Leydig cells and sertoli cells

Front 19

What do the leydig cells do?

Back 19

secrete tesosterone to retain the mesonephric ducts to give the ductus deferens

Front 20

What do sertoli cells do?

Back 20

secrete AMH to obliterate the paramesonephric ducts and prevent uterine development

Front 21

What does the lack of the SRY do?

Back 21

provides ability for thecal cells and follicle to do work.

Front 22

What do thecal cells do?

Back 22

lack tesosterone to the mesonephric duct degenerates

Front 23

What do the follicular cells do?

Back 23

lack AMH so the paramesonephric duct persists and the uterus is formed

Front 24

When does female gonad development occur?

Back 24

5th week

Front 25

Where does the gonadal ridge appear?

Back 25

medial to the mesonephros

Front 26

What do primary sex cords become and from what are they derived?

Back 26

medulla, coelomic epithelum

Front 27

What happens to the primary sex cords in women?

Back 27

degenerate

Front 28

When do the primordial germ cells invade the gonadal ridge?

Back 28

by 6th week along dorsal mesentary

Front 29

What do the secondary sex cords give rise to?

Back 29

cortex and the primordial follicles (CE)

Front 30

Where are thecal cells derived from?

Back 30

IM

Front 31

What is the fate of the mesonephric ducts in females?

Back 31

degenerate

Front 32

What are the remnants of the mesonephric ducts in females?

Back 32

epoophoron and paraoophoron

Front 33

What is the fate of the paramesonephric ducts?

Back 33

cranial end gives rise to uterine tubes

caudal end gives rise to uterovaginal primordium

Front 34

Where does the paramesonpehric duct project to and what dos it produce?

Back 34

urogenital sinus to produce sinus tubercle

Front 35

What is the uterovaginal primordium composed of?

Back 35

fused paramesonphric ducts

Front 36

What forms the sinus tubercle?

Back 36

uterovaginal primordium (fused parames ducts) contacting the urogenital sinus

Front 37

What does the sinus tubercle induce the formation of?

Back 37

sinovaginal bulbs

Front 38

What role to the sinovaginal bulbs play?

Back 38

composed of endoderm, extend from urogenital sinus to the uterovaginal plate, fuse to form the vaginal plate

Front 39

What does the vaginal plate give rise to?

Back 39

lumen of the vagina

Front 40

What is the distal 2/3 of the uterus composed of embryologically?

Back 40

hindgut endoderm

Front 41

What is the proximal 1/3 of the uterus composed of embryologically?

Back 41

intermediate mesoderm

Front 42

What gives a double uterus?

Back 42

failure of the paramesonephric ducts to fuse completely

Front 43

What gives rise to cervical atresia?

Back 43

failure of the paramesonephric ducts to form

Front 44

What is the basis of vaginal atresia?

Back 44

no sinovaginal bulb formation and proliferation

Front 45

When does male gonad development occur?

Back 45

5th week

Front 46

What gives rise to the primary sex cords and what do they form?

Back 46

CE and the medulla

Front 47

When do the primordial germ cells invade the gonadal ridge?

Back 47

6th week

Front 48

How do the primordial germ cells get to the gonadal ridge?

Back 48

follow dorsal mesentary

Front 49

What do the primary sex cords become specificall?

Back 49

semineferous cords

sertoli cells (CE)

Front 50

What does the connective tissue become (IM) in males?

Back 50

Leydig cells=testosterone

tunica albuginea

Front 51

What do the Sertoli cells do?

Back 51

secrete AMH to obliterate the paramesonephric ducts

Front 52

What do leydig cells do?

Back 52

secrete testosterone to maintain mesonephric ducts

Front 53

What do the mesonephric ducts give rise to?

Back 53

epididymis

ductus deferens

seminal vesicles

ejaculatory duct

Front 54

What do the mesonephric tubules become?

Back 54

efferent ducts

rete testis

Front 55

What gives rise to the prostate?

Back 55

pelvic part of urogenital sinus (endoderm)

and splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to the smooth muscle and connective tissue

Front 56

What gives rise to the bulbourethral glands?

Back 56

phallic part of urogenital sinus (endoderm)

splanchinic mesoderm to the smooth muscle and connective tissue

Front 57

By what week can you distinguish the external genitals?

Back 57

9th week

Front 58

By what week are the adult genitals formed?

Back 58

12th week

Front 59

What does the genital tubercle give rise to in males?

Back 59

glands penis

Front 60

what do the urethral folds give rise to in men?

Back 60

spongy urethra

lateral walls of urethra

penile raphe

Front 61

What do the labioscrotal swelling give rise to in men?

Back 61

scrotum

Front 62

What does the urogential tubercle give rise to in women?

Back 62

glans clitoris

Front 63

what do the urethral folds give rise to in women?

Back 63

frenulum of labia minora

Front 64

What do the labioscrotal swellings give rise to in women?

Back 64

labia majora

mons pubis

Front 65

What forms the navicular fossa?

Back 65

surface ectoderm proliferation (glandular plate)

Front 66

What is a hypospadia?

Back 66

opening of urethra on ventral part of penis

urethral folds not fused or navicular fossa not right position

Front 67

What supports the ovary?

Back 67

suspensory ligament

ovian ligament

Front 68

What gives rise to the ovian ligament?

Back 68

cranial part of gubernaculum

Front 69

What gives rise to the round ligament?

Back 69

caudal part of the gubernaculum

Front 70

How does the broad ligament form?

Back 70

fusion of the paramesonephric ducts to give the uterovaginal primordium brings along a fold of peritoneum to seperate pelvic cavity