Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Main-Group Elements
|
Elements whose valence electrons fill an s or p orbital sublevel (Groups 1, 2, 13-18)
|
|
|
Elements found in the earth's atmosphere
|
oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen
|
|
|
Ores
|
how metals are found naturally in the earth's crust (metal + oxygen)
|
|
|
Metallurgy
|
process of obtaining a metal from its core. It always involves the reduction of ions to the elemental metal (oxidation number of zero)
|
|
|
Physical characteristics of hydrogen
|
colorless, odorless, gas
|
|
|
Boiling point of hydrogen
|
low
|
|
|
Melting Point of Hydrogen
|
low
|
|
|
Flammability of hydrogen
|
high (Hindenburg)
|
|
|
Ways to produce hydrogen gas
|
reaction of methane with water at high temps (and metal catalyst), and eletrolysis of water
|
|
|
Industrial uses of hydrogen
|
production of ammonia via Haber process and to saturate liquid vegetable oils
|
|
|
Compounds formed with Hydrogen
|
ionic hydrides (Group 1/2), Covalent Hydrides (nonmentals), metallic hydrides (transition metals)
|
|
|
Possible way to store hydrogen as a fuel
|
metallic hydrides
|
|
|
Source of Lithium
|
Silicate Minerals such as spodumene (LiAl(Si2O6))
|
|
|
Method of Preparation of Lithium
|
Electrolysis of molten LiCl
|
|
|
Source of Sodium
|
NaCl
|
|
|
Method of Preparation of Sodium
|
Electrolysis of molten NaCl
|
|
|
Source of Potassium
|
KCl
|
|
|
Method of Preparation of Potassium
|
Electrolysis of molten KCl
|
|
|
Two Group 1 elements in the human body
|
Potassium and Sodium
|
|
|
Source of Rubidium
|
Impurity in lepidolite, Li2(F,OH)2Al2(SiO3)3
|
|
|
Method of Preparation of Rubidium
|
Reduction of RbOH with Mg and H2
|
|
|
Source of Cesium
|
Pollucite (Cs4Al4Si9O26·H2O) and an impurity in lepidolite (Li2(F,OH)2Al2(SiO3)3)
|
|
|
Method of Preparation of Cesium
|
Reduction of CsOH with Mg an H2
|
|
|
2M + X2 →
|
2MX; Alkali Metals; X2 = Any halogen molecule
|
|
|
4Li + O2 →
|
2Li2O; Excess oxygen; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
2Na + O2 →
|
Na2O2; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
M + O2 →
|
MO2; M = K, Rb, or Cs; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
2M + S →
|
M2S; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
6Li + N2 →
|
2Li3N; Li only; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
12M + P4 →
|
4M3P; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
2M + H2 →
|
2MH; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
2M + 2H2O →
|
2MOH + H2; Alkali Metals
|
|
|
2M + 2H+ →
|
2M+ + H2; Alkali Metals; Violent reaction!
|
|
|
Group 2 ions essential for human life
|
Calcium (bones) and Magnesium (Metabolism, Muscle)
|
|
|
Hard Water
|
Prescence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in water, which interferes with actions of detergents and form precipitates with soap ; pass through limestone
|
|
|
Group 2 Trend in Ionization Energy
|
Decreasing vertically
|
|
|
Grou two trend in radius
|
Increasing vertically
|
|
|
Energy of metallurgy redox reaction
|
Decreasing vertically
|
|
|
Source of Beryllium
|
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18)
|
|
|
Method of Preparation of Beryllium
|
Electrolysis of molten BeCl2
|
|
|
Source of Magnesium
|
magnesite (MgCO3), Dolomite (MgCO3·CaCO3), Carnallite (MgCl2·KCl· 6H2O)
|
|
|
Preparation of Magnesium
|
Electrolysis of molten MgCl2
|
|
|
Kidney stones from this element
|
Calcium
|
|
|
Source of Calcium
|
Various minerals containing CaCO3 (like marble and limestone)
|
|
|
Preparation of Calcium
|
Electrolysis of molten CaCl2
|
|
|
Source of Strontium
|
Celestite (SrSO4), Strontianite (SrCO3)
|
|
|
Preparation of Strontium
|
Electrolysis of molten SrCl2
|
|
|
Source of Barium
|
Baryte (BaSO4), Witherite (BaCO3)
|
|
|
Preparation of Barium
|
Electrolysis of motlen BaCl2
|
|
|
Source of Radium
|
Pitchblende (1 g of Ra/7 tons of ore)
|
|
|
Preparation of Radium
|
Electrolysis of molten RaCl2
|
|
|
Elements from Pitchblende
|
Radium, Uranium
|
|
|
M + X2 →
|
MX; Group 2A Elements; X2 = Any halogen molecule
|
|
|
2M + O2 →
|
2MO; Group 2A Elements; Ba gives BaO2 as well
|
|
|
M + S →
|
MS; Group 2A Elements
|
|
|
2M + N2 →
|
M3N2; Group 2A Elements; High temperatures
|
|
|
6M + P4 →
|
2M3P2; Group 2A Elements; High Temperatures
|
|
|
M + H2 →
|
MH2; Group 2A Elements; M = Ca, Sr, or Ba; High temperatures; Mg at high pressure
|
|
|
2M + 2H2O →
|
M(OH)2 + H2; Group 2A Elements; M = Ca, Sr, or Ba
|
|
|
M + 2H+ →
|
M2+ + H2; Group 2A Elements
|
|
|
Be + 2OH- + 2H2O →
|
Be(OH)42- + H2; Group 2A Elements
|
