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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pax Sovietica
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a term for Soviet domination in Eastern Europe during the Cold War 1945- 1991
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Eastern Europe
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a
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Slavic Europe
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European parts of the old Russian empire, east central europe, the Balkans; Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia
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Russification
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the policy of imposing the Russian language and culture on non Russian peoples living within the Russian empire
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Mensheviks
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the label Lenin gave to the faction with the Russian Social Democratic Party that opposed his ideas
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Bolsheviks
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loyal faction of followers in the Russian Social Democratic Party
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proletariat
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a
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February Revolution
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the first part of the revolution against Czar Nicholas II; precursor to the October Revolution
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October Revolution
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the name for the uprising in 1917 when Lenin took power from the weak Czar Nicholas II
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soviets
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"councils", the soviets were the source of state power after the October Revolution
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war communism
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the period right after the October Revolution when the fate of communism hung in the balance and Lenin's regime was assaulted from within and without by forces opposing his rule
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New Economic Policy (NEP)
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In the early 1920s Lenin's plan to allow a temporary letup in teh campaign to take over all economic enterprises and to collectivize all agriculture in the Soviet Union
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Stalinism
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policies that enforced Stalin's brutal repression of all opposition and takeover of the economy
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kulaki
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rich peasants whose property was seized by Stalin in the early 1930s
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autarky
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a strategy of going it alone in the world; protecting domestic industry against foreign competition
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collectivization
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seizing the land from private owners and forcing the farmers into state controlled collect farms
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Marshall Plan
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initiated by the US to help America's allies in Europe to rebuild their shattered economies
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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1949 framework for peacetime military alliance through which the US made a long time commitment to the security of Western Europe
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Warsaw Pact
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military alliance created in Eastern Europe by the Soviet Union i response to the threat perceived from NATO
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Brezhnev Doctrine
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a
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detente
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relaxing of tension in 1970s between US and Soviet Union
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neo Stalinism
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Brezhnev's period of repressive policies reminiscent of Stalin
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Secret Speech
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speech delivered in congress by Khrushchev in 1956 about the crimes of Stalin; started the process of easing Stalin controls
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virgin lands campaign
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an ill fated attempt by Khrushchev in the late 1950s to boost Soviet agricultural production by plowing up arid regions
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KGB
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committee for state security, Soviet secret police
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ideology
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a set of aims and ideas, especially in politics
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Marxism- Leninism
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a
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law of capitalist accumulation
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the inexorable process of monopolization where competition creates little producers and creates opportunity for the big to get bigger
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surplus value
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a marxist term for the exploitation of workers that results from the wide gap between what a worker produces and the amount he gets paid
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law of pauperization
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contention that the workings of capitalism dictate that the rich will get richer and the poor will get poorer
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alienation
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in marxism, a feeling of profound discontent that inevitably arises when workers are not the owners of their own labor and deprived of the fruits of their labor
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dictatorship of the proletariat
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temporary phase after revolution designed to forestall counterrevolution
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vanguard of the proletariat
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Lenin's term for the Communist party
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democratic centralism
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a key Leninist principle; all would be discussed before anything was decided but once it was decided everyone was expected to go along with it without question
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blat
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pervasive corruption, cheating and dishonesty that permeated everday life in the USSR
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indicative planning
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the practice of setting overall targets for the economy but treating them as guidelines rather than obligatory goals; opposite of Soviet's central planning
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appeasement
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making concessions for the sake of avoiding conflict
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glasnost
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openness Gorbachev tried to create in removing taboos in journalism, arts and culture during 1985 to 1991
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perestroika
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restructuring; Gorbachev's promised economic reforms before collapse of Soviet communism
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demokratizatsiia
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the aspect of of Gorbachev's reforms aimed at bringing out a measure of political pluralism
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shock therapy
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the strategy of converting rapidly from a command economy to a market economy and its harsh effects on society like job losses and inflation
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Supreme Soviet
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the bicameral legislature in the Soviet Union
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Council of Ministers
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[in the USSR] headed by the premier, Soviet's version of a government in a parliamentary system
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Politburo
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political bureau comprised of a dozen of the biggest bosses.
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Secretariat
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the chief administrative organ of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union
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Central Committee
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the communist party's legislative party in the USSR
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Congress of People's Deputies
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the successor to the Supreme Soviet in the period immediately preceding the Soviet Union's demise
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central planning
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the basis for a Soviet type command economy where fundamental economic decisions are made by the Gosplan in USSR
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Liberman reforms
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attempt in the 1960s to introduce some market type mechanisms into the Soviet economy; ex. interest charges on loans
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Gosplan
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name of the organization that developed economic blueprints in the Soviet Union
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output quotas
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quantitative targets set by Gosplan
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Comecon
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the framework created by the Soviet Union for facilitating trade among the communist states it dominated in Eastern Europe
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August coup
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the name given to the 1991 crisis in which Gorbachev was kidnapped by his political opponents
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Russian federation
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the name of the successor state to the Soviet Union
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Russkye
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ethnic Russians
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Rossianiye
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non ethnic Russians
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Prague Spring
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the term for the 1968 movement to liberalize Czechoslovakia which got supressed by the Soviet Union
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Bosnian Muslims
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the ethnic group that the country was "cleansed" of during the Bosnian conflict
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solidarity
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in Poland, the trade union that turned into a political movement in 1980s
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Opposition agreement
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a pact between the two biggest parties in the Czech Republic- the center left and the center right
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ethnic cleansing
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the genocidal policy of removing an unwelcome ethnic population from a territory by whatever means necessary
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Dayton peace accord
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the UN brokered agreement that ended the war in Bosnia in November 1995
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Kosovo
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a province of Yuogslavia inhabited mainly by ethnic Albanians where violent conflict occurred after the Serbian army put down a secession movement by the KLA
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Kosovo Liberation Army
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guerilla organization that fought for independence against Serbia in the late 1990s
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Democratic Opposition of Serbia
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a coalition of eighteen parties that swept the elections in Yugoslavia after the overthrow of the dictator Milovsevic
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Velvet revolution
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the movement that spearheaded the peaceful overthrow of communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989
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mestizos
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in Latin America, Spanish and indigenous
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Ladinos
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an indian who has adopted European ways
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Incas
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southern Peru
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Mayas
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Yucatan peninsula
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Aztecs
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Mexico City and beyond
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encomienda system
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when the Spanish conscripted the indians to build their cathedrals and work their plantations, giving them meager pay and forcing the Christian religion
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encomiendero
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the overseer of the indians during Spanish rule
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viceroy
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an official ruling a province, colony or occupied territory as the deputy of a sovereign
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Jesuits
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a Catholic order that played a leading role in the Spanish Inquisition
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creoles
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Spanish descendants born in the New World
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mulattoes
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Spanish and black
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zambos
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black and indian
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peninsulares
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a
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caudillo
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in Latin America the name given to a strong political boss or a military dictator, widely feared for his prowess and foul power
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caudillismo
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the phenomenon associated with the romantic figure of the man on horseback who gains power by force and fraud
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cacique
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the pejorative name given to corrupt local political bosses in Latin America
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localismo
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a
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anti- yanquismo
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a
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caciquismo
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the local version of caudillismo
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big stick diplomacy
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The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the “big stick”, or the military, ties in heavily with the idea of Realpolitik, which implies an amoral pursuit of political power that resembles Machiavellian ideals
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Organization of American States
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is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States.[1] Its members are the thirty-five independent states of the Americas. It is the world's oldest
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Alliance for Progress
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initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961 aimed to establish economic cooperation between North and South America.
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Caribbean Basin Initiative
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when Reagan sponsored a program designed to promote properity, trade and free enterprise in the Caribbean
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comprador
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indigenous elites in former colonies who were used by the imperialists and capitalists
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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The peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States to the interim government of a militarily occupied Mexico, that ended the Mexican-American War.
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Porfiriato
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Diaz's 35-year regime saw the growth of material prosperity in Mexico. Foreign capital poured into the country bringing more roads and railways, increased mining, and a stable currency
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PRD
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left wing, democratic socialism
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PRI
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a center right socialist party
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Estado Novo
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start of the dictatorship of Vargas in Brazil as a benevolent dictator
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MRTA (Tupac Amaru)
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a
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Brady Plan
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plan to spearhead debt relief in the Third World
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dirty war
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the anti insurgency campaign launch in Argentina in 1976 to suppress subversion by arbitrarily arresting, imprisoning and murdering
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Sendero Luminoso
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a Maoist guerrilla organization in Peru, in 1980, its stated goal was to replace what it saw as bourgeois democracy with "New Democracy
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ZNLA
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a
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mercosur
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a Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay founded in 1991 to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency
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NAFTA
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trade agreement between Canada, the US and Mexico; regional barriers to trade are reduced or eliminated
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current account deficit
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a
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writ of amparo
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the Writ of Amparo is a Mexican legal procedure to protect human rights
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PAN
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center right, christian democracy
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aberatura
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a
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cruzado plan
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the Cruzado Plan was to eliminate inflation with a dramatic blowmeasures were a general price freeze, a wage readjustment and freeze, readjustment and freeze on rents and mortgage payments, a ban on indexation, and a freeze on the exchange rate
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real plan
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a
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Quechua
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Quechua is a Native American language of South America.
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Spanish Inquisition
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a
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