Magnetos,ignition System

Front 1

According to CFR PART 33.37 each spark ignition system must have:

Back 1

1. Dual ignition system with at least 2 spark plug for each cylinder.

2. Two separate electric circuit with separate sources of electrical energy. [Important] is because is for reliability; because If you loose one you could use the other.

3. Or have an ignition system of equivalent in flight reliability.

Front 2

What are the types of ignition?

Back 2

1.MAGNETO (MOSTLY USED)

2.BATTERY (RARELY USED)

3. FADEC (FULL AUTHORITY DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL)

Front 3

What is the purpose of the IGNITION SYSTEM?

Back 3

1. To produce high voltage needed for ignition.

Simple way: to ignite a spark;to ignite the air fuel mixture

Front 4

What is the advantages of DUAL IGNITION?

Back 4

*Redundancy;provides a backup ignition system

*Gives more complete &quick combustion of the fuel; gives a faster combustion

*increases output power of the engine

Front 5

1st.Types of ignition; magneto igniting systems.

1.use _____ or _______ tension ignition system.

2.may be battery assisted at ______ __ ONLY.

Back 5

1.High,low

2.start up

Front 6

What are the three parts of a magnetic ciruit?

Back 6

1.permenant magnet

2.electrical steel

3.pole shoes

Front 7

What is the purpose of the magnetic circuit?

Back 7

Generates the magnetic Flux lines by switching poles through a rotating magnet and creates electrical energy

Front 8

What is INDUCTION?

Back 8

Is to carry from one current carrying inductor to the other current Carrying inducted, magnetically.

Hint 8

Using a lines of Flux to carry a flow of electricity

Front 9

2ND. Types of ignition;battery ignition systems (older planes)

2. Battery assist with ignition during _______ __ and _________.

Back 9

Start up, taxiing

Front 10

3RD.Types of ignition System FADEC [Full Authority Digital Control]

Back 10

A solid state digital electronic ignition and electronic sequential port fuel injection system with only ONE MOVING PART. The opening and closing of the fuel injector.

Front 11

What is the difference between something ELECTRICAL and something ELECTRONIC?

Back 11

ELECTRICAL requires wires, you could see it;

ELECTRONIC has no wires, is hard to see; an example and SD CARD

Front 12

MAGNETOS;BASIC AC GENERATOR;FACTORS

1._________IT TURNS_________ THE OUTPUT.

2.REQUIRES __ ________POWER SOURCE.

3.____ _______ REFERS TO MAGNETOS VOLTAGE OUTPUT (12Kv to 20Kv)

4.___ _______REFERS TO MAGNETOS VOLTAGE OUTPUT (APPROX. 300 VOLTS)

4.Kv= ________ ____.

Back 12

1.FASTER,GREATER

2.NO OUTSIDE

3.HIGH TENSION

4.LOW TENSION

5.THOUSAND VOLTS

Front 13

3 facts of single magneto?

Back 13

1.One self contained unit

2. Most common type in aviation

3.May be in high or low tension

Front 14

What are the three circuits for magnetos?

Back 14

1. Magnetic

2. primary winding

3. Secondary winding

Front 15

What are the 3 parts for a magnetic circuit?

Back 15

1. Permenant Magnet

2. Electrical Steel

3. Pole Shoes

Front 16

Magnetic Circuit; Electrical steel

1. Is made of ___ ______ iron alloy and containing some _______.

2.Has high __________ and low __________;has the magnet traveling through lines of_____.

3. The _______rotates the lines of flux

Back 16

1.low carbon, silicon

2. Permeability, rentetivity,Flux

3.magnet

Front 17

What is the difference between PERMEABILITY and RETENTIVITY?

Back 17

PERMEABILITY - is the measure of ease with which lines of MAGNETIC [FLUX lines can PASS through a material. ]

(Ex.)Make a piece of metal into a magnet.

RETENTIVITY- ability of MAGNETIZING MATERIAL to RETAIN ALIGNMENT of the MAGNETIC DOMAINS after the MAGNETIZING FORCE IS REMOVED.

(ex.) how long before the piece of metal will retain a magnet after the magnet is removed

Front 18

Magnetic Circuit; pole and shoe alignment

Back 18

NOTE

Front 19

POLE AND SHOE ALIGNMENT FULL REGISTER POSITION.

1.ROTATING MAGNET IS FULLY ALIGN WITH THE_____ ______.

2.STATIC FLUX DENSITY IS AT ___________.

3.MAX AMOUNT OF FLUX FLOWS THROUGH THE ________ _______.

Back 19

Front 20

POLE AND SHOE ALIGNMENT;NEUTRAL POSITION

1.ROTATING POLE ARE POSITIONED ________ POLE SHOES.

2.STATIC DENSITY IS AT _____.

3. __ _____ OF FLUX ARE FLOWING THROUGH THE MAGNETIC CIRCUIT.

Back 20

Front 21

POLE AND SHOE ALIGNMENT;FULL REGISTER.

1. POLARITY HAS NOW ___________.

2. FULL MAGNETIC LINES OF FLUX PRODUCED _________ ________.

Back 21

Front 22

How does the E-gap work with the BREAKER POINTS?

Back 22

When magnet is at E-GAP position, breaker points break contact,from the primary winding everything is dump to the capacitor.

Front 23

What is another name for E-GAP?

Back 23

Efficiency gap or e-gap position.

Front 24

E-GAP

When the magnet is in the Egap position it has rotated just a few degrees beyond it's ________ ________.

Back 24

Neutral position.

Front 25

Ignition switch grounds out the primary circuit, is to turn____ the switch.

Back 25

Off

Front 26

What are the parts for the primary circuit?

Back 26

P-lead,breaker point,capacitor,ignition switch

Front 27

What is the purpose of the p-lead?

Back 27

To deactivate the ignition switch. By the means that is connected to ground. (It turns off that magneto)(it does not turns off the engine unless you shut down both magnetos)

Hint 27

Is connected to ignition switch to the coils

Front 28

What is the major disadvantage of a magneto?

Back 28

The magneto has low RPM'S then means it has low VOLTAGE

Front 29

What are the three types of material we can use for breaker points?

Back 29

Tubgsten,platinum, uranium

Front 30

What is the acronym for ATA

Back 30

Air Transport Association

Front 31

What is a capacitor?

Back 31

An electrical component that is used to store electrical energy in electrostatic fields.

Front 32

What happens to the capacitor as breaker points open?

Back 32

It absorbs excess energy.

Front 33

Another name for capacitor is ___________?

Back 33

Condenser

Front 34

Is a FEED THROUGH CAPACITOR installed PARALLEL or in SERIES?

Back 34

SERIES

Front 35

How do you deactivate a magneto?

Back 35

You ground the primary circuit using the switch.

Front 36

What is the P-lead?

Back 36

Is the primary circuit that goes to the switch. The purpose of the P-lead is to deactivate the magneto.

Front 37

What are the three types of auxiliary starting systems in a magneto?

Back 37

Induction vibrator, and SHAKE JAKE and IMPULSE COUPLINGS.

Front 38

How do get a spark in the spark plug?

Back 38

The magnet once it reaches to the e-gap position. the primary winding has been charged. primary winding break points break contact. capacitor dumps the primary winding charge

goes out to the magnetic field. induces secondary circuit. it goes to the coil tap. goes to the rotor gear into the distributor block. then to the ignition leads. lastly to the spark plug and BOOOOOM

Front 39

What's inside the distributor block?

Back 39

A rotor gear

Front 40

What is happening in the magnetic circuit during the full register position?

Back 40

The rotating magnet is fully aligned, static Flux density is at maximum.

Front 41

What is happening to the magnetic circuit during the neutral position?

Back 41

Magnet position is at 6 and 12 o' clock. Static Flux density is at zero

Front 42

Other than the Flux density and the position of the rotating magnet. What else does the magnetic circuit do?

Back 42

It creates AC (alternating current) through the Flux lines

Front 43

What is the purpose of the breaker points?

Back 43

Breaker points is timing mechanism. When it breaks Contact. the resistance increases and the primary winding charge gets dump to the condenser.

Front 44

How many volts are going just to the primary circuit?

Back 44

300 volts

Front 45

What is the difference between a FEED THROUGH CAPACITOR AND REGULAR CAPACITOR.

Back 45

FEED THROUGH CAPACITOR IS a FILTER FOR [RFI] RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE. AND STORES ELECTRICAL ENERGY. AND IS ALWAYS CONNECTED IN [SERIES.]

CAPACITOR JUST STORES ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND IS ALWAYS CONNECTED IN [PARALLEL]

Front 46

What is happening to magnetic circuit during e-gap position?

Back 46

The magnet is passing through neutral position. The electricity from the primary winding is going through the breaker points, and the electricity is being dump through capacitor

Front 47

What are three materials we can use for breaker points?

Back 47

Tungsten,platinum and uranium

Front 48

What is the probable reason why a breaker point will be burned?

Back 48

The capacitor might not be working. And is taking the full 300 volts.

Front 49

The capacitor acts like a_________ with the primary circuit.

Back 49

Filter

Front 50

Why do we have low tension in the ignition systems?

Back 50

Low tension works better in high altitudes

Front 51

By what component do the breaker points open and closed?

Back 51

By the camshaft

Front 52

What are the spark plugs heat ranges? Why?

Back 52

Between 1,000°F to 1,300°F: because there is LOW AMOUNT OF DEPOSITS within this range.

At Idle:900°F (above)

At full power:1,300°F (below)

Front 53

How many volts are in one ampere?

Back 53

100 volts or 100 watts

Front 54

What is the purpose of the spark plugs?

Back 54

*To provide an air gap to create the ignition spark.

*to complete the path to GROUND for SECONDARY CIRCUIT.

> from CENTER to the GROUND ELECTRIC

Front 55

Aircraft spark plugs;

Gas pressure inside the cylinder can be as high as ______PSI and the temperature can be as _________°F.

Back 55

2,000 PSI , 3,000°F

Front 56

Aircraft spark plugs; what are the common spark plugs?

Back 56

Electrodes:center to ground

Insulation:porcelain

Front 57

What is the lowest voltage that an electrode spark plug has to be able to jump accross to ground electrodes ?

Back 57

At 12,000 volts

Front 58

At the beginning of insulation spark,what was the material of the insulation spark plug made of?

Back 58

Porcelain

Front 59

What was the 2 disadvantages of the insulation spark plugs?

Back 59

*It absorbed oil

*Physical inconsistencies of the natural material made volume production difficult.

Front 60

During World War II, what material was used to the spark plug and is used today?

Back 60

Aluminum Oxide

Front 61

If a spark plug is dropped why is it that the spark plug has to be replaced automatically?

Back 61

Because it may cause damage to the spark plug that cannot be seen by visual inspection.

Front 62

What are the 2 possibilities of consequences of damage insulation in a spark plug?

Back 62

1.OVERHEATING or HOT SPOTS on the ground electrodes causing PRE-IGNITION or DETONATION.

2. FLASHOVER from the ignition lead terminal to the outer causing of the spark plug either WEAK or NON-EXISTENT SPARK.

Front 63

The two classification of spark plugs according to their heat range are:

Back 63

1.Hot spark plug= Long

2. Cold spark plug=Short

1.Hot spark plug=long>low compression,LOW PERFORMANCE,low operating temperatures.

2.cold spark plugs=short>high compression,HIGH PERFORMANCE

Front 64

Two basic types of electrodes used on aircraft spark plugs are:

Back 64

1.(massive type):relatively low cost and efficient for wide scope of operations. Excessive amounts of lead in the fuel and can cause fouling

2.(fine wire): (aka all weather):More expensive

Front 65

Spark plug massive type (ground electrodes) are made of what kind of material?

Back 65

Made of NICKEL ALLOY

Front 66

Spark plug FINE WIRE type (ground electrodes) are made of what kind of material?

Back 66

Are made of PLATINUM &IRIDIUM ALLOY

Front 67

What is the reach for a hot and cold spark plug?

Back 67

Hot is 13/16 inch.> long

Cold is 1/2 inch.>short

Hint 67

The reach will tell us if is hot or cold spark plug.