Mader 34 Vocabulary

Front 1

Condition characterized by thoracic pain resulting from occluded coronary arteries; precedes a heart attack.

Back 1

angina pectoris

Front 2

Protein produced in response to the presence of an antigen; each antibody combines with a specific antigen.

Back 2

antibody

Front 3

Foreign substance, usually a protein or a polysaccharide, that stimulates the immune system to react, such as to produce antibodies.

Back 3

antigen

Front 4

In humans, the major systemic artery that takes blood from the heart to the tissues.

Back 4

aorta

Front 5

Vessel that takes blood from an artery to capillaries.

Back 5

arteriole

Front 6

Blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart.

Back 6

artery

Front 7

Heart valve located between an atrium and a ventricle.

Back 7

artioventricular valve

Front 8

Chamber; particularly an upper chamber of the heart lying above a ventricle.

Back 8

atrium

Front 9

White blood cell with a granular cytoplasm; able to be stained with a basic dye.

Back 9

basophile

Front 10

Fluid circulated by the heart through a closed system of vessels.

Back 10

blood

Front 11

Force of blood pushing against the inside wall of blood vessels.

Back 11

blood pressure

Front 12

Microscopice blood vessel; gases and other substances are exchanged across the walls of a capillary between blood and tissue fluid.

Back 12

capillary

Front 13

System of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conducts impulses from the SA node to the chambers of the heart, causing them to contract.

Back 13

cardiac conduction system

Front 14

One complete cycle of systole and diastole for all heart chambers.

Back 14

cardiac cycle

Front 15

Blood volume pumped by each ventricle per minute (not total output pumped by both ventricles)

Back 15

cardiac output

Front 16

Mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that controls the rhythm of the heartbeat; the SA node.

Back 16

cardiac pacemaker

Front 17

In animals other than humans, an organ system that moves substances to and from cells, usually via a heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Back 17

circulatory (or cardiovascular) system

Front 18

Blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid.

Back 18

closed circulatory system

Front 19

Relaxation period of a heart chamber during the cardiac cycle.

Back 19

diastole

Front 20

Recording of the electrical activity associated with the heartbeat.

Back 20

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Front 21

White blood cell containing cytoplasmic granules that stain with acidic dye.

Back 21

eosinophil

Front 22

Muscular organ whose contraction causes blood to circulate in the body of an animal.

Back 22

heart

Front 23

Damage to the myocardium due to blocked circulation in the coronary arteries; myocardial infarction.

Back 23

heart attack

Front 24

Iron containing respiratory pigment occurring in vertebrate red blood cells and in the blood plasma of some invertebrates.

Back 24

hemoglobin (Hb)

Front 25

Circulatory fluid that is a mixture of blood and interstitial fluid; seen in animals that have an open circulatory system, such as molluscs and arthropods.

Back 25

hemolymph

Front 26

Fluid, derived from tissue fluid, that is carried in lymphatic vessels.

Back 26

lymph

Front 27

Specialized white blood cell that functions in specific defense; occurs in two forms - T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.

Back 27

lymphocyte

Front 28

In vertebrates, large phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte that ingests microbes and debris.

Back 28

macrophage

Front 29

Type of a granular leukocyte that functions as a phagocyte, particularly after it becomes a macrophage, which is also an antigen-presenting cell.

Back 29

monocyte

Front 30

Granular leukocyte that is the most abundant of the white blood cells; first to respond to infection.

Back 30

neutrophil

Front 31

Arrangement of internal transport in which blood bathes the organs directly, and there is no distinction between blood and interestitial fluid.

Back 31

open circulatory system

Front 32

In vertebrates, the liquid portion of blood; contains nutrients, wastes, salts, and proteins.

Back 32

plasma

Front 33

Component of blood that is necessary to blood clotting.

Back 33

platelet

Front 34

Pathway of blood flow that begins and ends in capillaries, such as the portal system located between the small intestine and liver.

Back 34

portal system

Front 35

Circulatory pathway between the lungs and the heart.

Back 35

pulmonary circuit

Front 36

Vibration felt in arterial walls due to expansion of the aorta following ventricle contraction.

Back 36

pulse

Front 37

Erythrocyte; contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen from the lungs or gills to the tissues in vertebrates.

Back 37

red blood cell

Front 38

Valve resembling a half moon located between the ventricles and their attached vessels.

Back 38

semilunar valve

Front 39

Partition or wall that divides two areas; the septum in the heart separates the right half from the left half.

Back 39

septum

Front 40

Light yellow liquid left after clotting of blood.

Back 40

serum

Front 41

Device consisting of inflatable cuff and pressure gauge for measuring arterial blood pressure.

Back 41

sphygmomanometer

Front 42

Condition resulting when an arteriole in the brain bursts or becomes blocked by an embolism; cerebrovascular accident.

Back 42

stroke

Front 43

Circulatory pathway of blood flow between the tissues and the heart.

Back 43

systemic circuit

Front 44

Contraction period of the heart during the cardiac cycle.

Back 44

systole

Front 45

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads during blood clotting.

Back 45

thrombin

Front 46

Fluid that surrounds the body's cells consists of dissolved substances that leave the blood capillaries by filtration and diffusion.

Back 46

tissue fluid

Front 47

Blood vessel that arises from venules and transports blood toward the heart.

Back 47

vein

Front 48

Large systemic vein that returns blood to the right atrium of the heart in tetrapods; either the superior or inferior vena cava.

Back 48

vena cava

Front 49

Cavity in an organ, such as a lower chamber of the heart or the ventricles of the brain.

Back 49

ventricle

Front 50

Vessel that takes blood from capillaries to a vein.

Back 50

venule

Front 51

Leukocyte, of which there are several types, each having a specific function in protecting the body from invasion by foreign substances and organisms.

Back 51

white blood cell