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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three-base sequence in a transfer RNA molecule base that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA.
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anticodon
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Three-base sequence in messenger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein, or termination of translation.
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codon
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The step in protein synthesis in which a polypeptide increases in length one amino acid at a time. Elongation factors, which facilitate the binding of tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons at a ribosome and tRNA participation are required.
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elongation
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Coding sequence in DNA transcribed and present in primary mRNA.
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exon
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Unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms, typically two alleles are inherited -- one from each parent.
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gene
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Universal code in existence for eons; specifies protein synthesis. Each codon consists of three letters for the DNA nucleotides that make up amino acids found in proteins.
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genetic code
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One of 3 steps in translation, this step brings all the translation components together.
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initiation
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Non coding sequence in DNA transcribed and present in primary mRNA. Excised later in the process.
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intron
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Type of RNA formed from a DNA template and bearing coded information for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
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messenger RNA (mRNA)
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Transcribes into any other types of RNA other than mRNA.
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noncoding gene
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String of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis.
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polyribosome
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In an operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription.
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promoter
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Transcribes into mRNA.
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protein-coding gene
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Type of RNA found in ribosomes that translate messenger RNAs to produce proteins.
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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Enzyme that carries out mRNA processing
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ribozyme
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Nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three forms: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.
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RNA (ribonucleic acid)
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During transcription, an enzyme that joins nucleotides complementary to a DNA template.
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RNA polymerase
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mRNA molecule formed during transcription that has a sequence of bases complementary to a gene.
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RNA transcript
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The final step in protein synthesis. The polypeptide and the assembled components that carried out protein synthesis are separated from one another.
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termination
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Process whereby a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of mRNA.
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transcription
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Type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis; at one end, it binds to the amino acid, and at the other end it has an anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon.
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transfer RNA (tRNA)
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Process whereby ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to produce a polypeptide with a particular sequence of amino acids.
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translation
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During gene expression, each sequence of three nucleotide bases stands for a particular amino acid.
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triplet code
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In RNA, this base replaces the thymine found in DNA.
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uracil
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Ability of the 5'-most nucleotide of an anticodon to interact with more than one nucleotide at the 3'-end of codons; helps explain the degeneracy of the genetic code.
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wobble hypothesis
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