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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Procedure for removing amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus for testing of the fluid or cells within the fluid.
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amniocentesis
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Individual whose chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid number for the species.
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aneuploid
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Any chromosome other than the sex-determining pair.
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autosome
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Heterozygous individual who has no apparent abnormality but can pass on an allele for a recessively inherited genetic disorder.
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carrier
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Prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi cells is removed for diagnostic purposes.
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chorionic villi sampling (CVS)
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Alteration in the chromosome structure or number typical of the species.
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chromosomal mutation
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The idea that chromosomes are the carriers of genes
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chromosome theory of inheritance
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Change in chromosome structure in which the end of a chromosome breaks off or two simultaneous breaks lead to the loss of an internal segment; often causes abnormalities -- e.g., cri du chat syndrome.
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deletion
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Change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome.
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duplication
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Cells containing only complete sets of chromosomes.
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euploidy
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Relationship between genes on the same chromosome.
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gene linkage
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Change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180°; this reversed sequence of genes can lead to altered gene activity and abnormalitites
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inversion
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Chromosomes arranged by pairs according to their size, shape, and general appearance in mitotic metaphase.
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karyotype
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Alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
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linkage group
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Depicts the distances between loci as well as the order in which they occur on the organism.
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linkage map
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The physical location of a gene withiin a chromosome.
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locus
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One less chromosome than usual.
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monosomy
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Failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively.
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nondisjunction
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Having a chromosome number that is a multiple greater than twice that of the monoploid number.
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polyploid
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Chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; in humans, females have two X chromosomes, and males have an X and a Y chromosome.
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sex chromosome
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Group of symptoms that appear together and tend to indicate the presence of a particular disorder.
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syndrome
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Movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome, leading to abnormalities -- e.g., Down syndrome.
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translocation
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Having three of a particular type of chromosome (2n + 1)
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trisomy
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Allele that is located on an X chromosome but may control a trait that has nothing to do with the sexual characteristics of an animal.
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X-linked
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